17. THE URINARY SYSTEM
EXERCISE 1 Label the picture below.
The urinary system is composed of two kidneys, a ureter for each kidney, a bladder,
and a urethra. The organs of the urinary system produce, collect, and eliminate urine.
The kidneys are situated at the back of the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the
spinal column. A kidney contains approximately 1 million microscopic nephrons. The
nephron is a tiny coiled tube with a network of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman s
capsule. The tubule leads from the Bowman s capsule to the calyx and then to the pelvis.
Nephrons are the filters where blood goes to be cleaned. Each kidney consists of three
layers. The outermost layer is called the capsule. The next layer inside is called the
cortex. The layer on the inside of the cortex is called the medulla. The medulla contains
triangular areas called pyramids. The funnel-like region is called the pelvis. This is where
urine collects before it enters the ureter. Both ureters lead to the urinary bladder, a
muscular sac, where urine is stored. The urethra leads the urine from the bladder directly
to the external opening in the female and via the penis in the male. Through urination,
the urinary system eliminates waste products that accumulate as a result of cellular
metabolism.
EXERCISE 2 Make questions about the underlined parts.
1_____________________________________________________________________________
2_____________________________________________________________________________
3_____________________________________________________________________________
4_____________________________________________________________________________
5_____________________________________________________________________________
6_____________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3 Match the terms to their definitions.
kidney failure hematuria cystitis incontinence
bladder stones
1 __________________________ is the inflammation of the bladder, which results from an
infection commonly caused by bacteria.
2 __________________________ is the presence of red blood cells in the urine.
3 __________________________ is the accumulation of minerals in the urinary bladder.
4 __________________________ is a loss of bladder control. Some people who suffer from
this disorder, might get a strong urge to urinate but they cannot make it to the washroom
in time. While, some may suffer from leaking the urine by merely coughing or sneezing.
5 __________________________ is when the kidneys are no longer able to remove waste
material from the blood or maintain the necessary balance of water and chemicals in the
body.
GRAMMAR EXERCISE 1 R5write eaAh sentenAe so that it Aontains will or going to.
a) I plan to study 5ngin55ring in FranA5.
_________________________________________________________________________
b) I v5 arrang5d a party for n5xt Friday.
_________________________________________________________________________
A) W5 v5 got an appointm5nt at th5 doAtor s, so w5 Aan t Aom5.
_________________________________________________________________________
d) K5lly is lik5ly to g5t th5 job.
_________________________________________________________________________
5) Martin s wif5 is pr5gnant again.
_________________________________________________________________________
f) Sarah do5sn t plan to g5t marri5d y5t.
__________________________________________________________________________
g) Th5r5 s a possibility of snow tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________________
h) I pr5diAt a sAor5 of :0.
__________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2 Und5rline th5 Aorr5At word or phrase in eaAh sentenAe.
a) This tim5 n5xt w55k Billy will lie / will be lying on th5 b5aAh.
b) Pl5as5 stay in your s5ats until th5 bell ri?gs / will ring.
A) W5 ll h0ve moved / We ll be movi?g to our n5w hous5 on Tu5sday.
d) What tim5 do5s Cour tr0in le0ve / will Cour tr0i? le0ve?
5) Don t forg5t to turn off th5 lights b5fore you re le0vi?g / you l50ve.
f) Wh5r5 will Cou work / will Cou b5 worki?g in t5n y5ars tim5?
g) Wait for m5. I lI be / I ll have been r5ady in a mom5nt.
h) John wo? t stop / won t h0ve stopped talking all th5 tim5!
EXERCISE 3 Und5rline the inappropriate verb forms and write th5 Aorr5At form in the
spaAe. If the sentenAe is Aorr5At put a tiAk.
a) By th5 tim5 th5 poliA5 g5t h5r5, th5 burglars will hav5 vanish5d.
b) Wh5n you ll grow old5r, you ll Ahang5 your mind about this.
c) Th5 bus l5av5s at 1.00, so w5 ll l5av5 th5 hous5 at 11.30.
d) I won t l5av5 until you will giv5 m5 th5 mon5y.
e) As soon as th5 taxi will arriv5, I ll b5 l5tting you know.
f) Will y>u hav5 b55n using th5 vid5o n5xt l5sson?
g) By th5 tim5 w5 g5t to H5l5n s hous5, sh5 ll l5av5.
h)  Do you want m5 to Aarry this?  No that s all right, I m doing it.
EXERCISE 4 Rewrite eaAh sentenAe so that it Aontains will/shall or going to and th5 verb
underlined.
0) How about playing t5nnis?
__________________________________________________________________________
b) I v5 d5Aid5d to study ArabiA in !airo.
__________________________________________________________________________
A) I promis5 to b5 hom5 by midnight.
______________________________________________________________________________
d) I hop5 to m55t you later.
______________________________________________________________________________
e) I d lik5 you to go to th5 shops for m5.
______________________________________________________________________________
f) W5 promis5 not to mak5 too muAh nois5.
______________________________________________________________________________
g) Would you lik5 m5 to help you with thos5 bags?
______________________________________________________________________________
h) W5 Aould Aom5 baAk lat5r if you lik5.
______________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5 Complet5 the seAond sentenAe so that it has a similar m5aning to the first
sentenAe.
a) Th5 work won t tak5 us long5r than an hour.
We _______________________________________________________ th5 work in an hour.
b) I promis5 to phon5 you b5for5 our n5xt m55ting.
B5for5 w5 ______________________________________________________________ you.
A) Would you lik5 m5 to Ah5Ak th5 sp5lling for you?
Shall ________________________________________________________________ for you?
d) Sh5ila r5fus5s to l5t m5 shar5 h5r book.
Sh5ila won t ____________________________________________________________ book.
5) How about having a gam5 of Ah5ss?
Shall __________________________________________________________ a gam5 of Ah5ss?
f) Pl5as5 stay h5r5 until I Aom5 baAk.
Pl5as5 don t ________________________________________________________ Aom5 baAk.
g) Aft5r th5 l5sson w5 ll me5t and play t5nnis.
Wh5n _________________________________________________ we ll m55t and pl0y t5nnis.
h) What job will you hav5 in tw5nty years tim5?
What will _________________________________________________ in tw5nty y5ars tim5?
LISTENING