BBC Learning English
6 Minute English
Academic to Activist
Yvonne: Hello - this is '6 minute English', I'm Yvonne Archer - and thanks to William
Kremer for joining me today.
William: Hello Yvonne.
Yvonne: Hello William! Today, we hear from a very impressive South African man
who used to think of himself as 'an academic' - but then his studies lead him to
become 'an activist' within the area of HIV/AIDs. William, can you explain
what 'an activist' is?
William: Yeah  of course. It's somebody who works to bring about political and social
changes. That's 'an activist'.
Yvonne: Great. Well, before we find out more about that man I met up with in Cape
Town, I've a question for you William. Are you ready?
William: Yes!
Yvonne: OK. Which country in Africa is generally thought of as a success story in
terms of its battle against HIV and AIDS? Is it
a) Uganda
b) South Africa OR
c) Gambia
William: Hmmm  I'm gonna go for a) Uganda.
Yvonne: Really?
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William: Yeah  I've got a good feeling about that one.
Yvonne: OK - we'll find out whether you're right or wrong at the end of the programme.
When I met up with Ralph Berold, he'd just finished his MBA- and we were
celebrating! But Ralph had also studied History, Development and Politics. So,
why did his studies turn him into an activist within the field of HIV/AIDs some
years ago?
RALPH BEROLD
I felt that it was the most pressing sort of social public work to be done in the country.
Yvonne: William, what does Ralph mean by 'pressing' here?
William: Well, 'urgent'  Ralph felt that in South Africa, urgent work was needed to help
people with HIV and AIDs immediately& This huge and important problem
was 'pressing'.
Yvonne: So, rather than study the problem, Ralph became a part of the solution. He
became manager of a non-profit organisation  a charity called Treatment
Action Campaign - or TAC.
While Ralph was at TAC, a group of prisoners in a very large prison in Durban contacted the
organisation for help. After discussing things with the prison services, Ralph
and his team went to find out more from the prisoners themselves. About half
of them were HIV positive or suffering from AIDs. As we hear from Ralph
now, try to catch the three main problems that he found out about during his
visit&
RALPH BIRALD
Overcrowding was a huge thing, you know, many people were dying in their cells  you know,
looking after each other until the point of death. It was really a sad story.
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Yvonne: William, what were the three main problems the prisoners were facing?
William: Well first, the prison was 'overcrowded' - so there were too many prisoners in
each cell.
Yvonne: And Ralph told me how this lead to more prisoners getting TB - tuberculosis.
William: Prisoners were dying in their cells.
Yvonne: Yes, so the prisoners didn't have access to hospitals or to medicines, such as
anti-retroviral drugs which are used to treat and prevent infections in people
with HIV and AIDs. And finally?
William: And finally, the sick prisoners were looking after each other 'to the point of
death'  right up until they died, so they didn't have any doctors or nurses.
Yvonne: Ralph also told me that although it was difficult spending time with people
who'd often committed horrific crimes, it was important to remember that they
were still people. So, Ralph and his team took the case to court on behalf of the
prisoners and, the Department of Correctional Services - the prison services 
were ordered to make doctors and medicines available to treat the sick
prisoners.
William: Wow  that's an amazing result! And they brought about a real social change,
didn't they?
Yvonne: They certainly did. And just as importantly perhaps, Ralph and his group also
managed to help change attitudes towards this issue. But whose attitude did
they change?
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RALPH BEROLD
Just because they have some rights taken away from them as prisoners, this doesn't mean they
don't have a right to life, for example. So, you know, government was therefore taking
the issue a lot more seriously and actually made those medicines available - and these are life-
saving medicines. So it was a very powerful time. Yeah.
William: They managed to change the attitude of the South African government - and
politicians began to take the issue of HIV/AIDs in prisons a lot more seriously.
Yvonne: And Ralph Berold, the South African academic turned activist is, quite rightly,
still very proud of that achievement.
OK, time for today's big question: Which country in Africa is generally
thought of as a success story in terms of its battle against HIV and AIDS? And
your answer William&
William: & was Uganda.
Yvonne: And you're right!
William: Yeah!
Yvonne: Yes, they went from having about one third of the population infected with
HIV/AIDs down to- today, they think it's about six percent.
William: Wow, that's another success story, isn't it?
Yvonne: Very much so. But that's all for today's "6 Minute English". Do join us again
for more!
W/Y: Goodbye!
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