Dlaczego komputery są ważne w naszym życiu?

Computers have become an integral part of our reality. For example, computers are used in medicine -they are very helpful in diagnosing and monitoring patients. They have also many applications in different branches of industry: they gather the data, test products and are used during the process of production. What is more, computers are integral parts of cars, ships, cash registers etc. People cannot imagine today's world without computers. In my opinion this great invention makes our life easier and it is very helpful, that is why computers are so important.

Opisz wypadek którego byłeś świadkiem opowiedz co stało się z ofiarą/ ofiarami wypadku

The sun was shining it was warm and sunny day. In the morning I decided to take may dog for a long walk.While I was walking along the street I saw a child riding on his bike. I was a little bit surprised because I couldn't see anyone that would take care of the boy. All of a sudden when a child was trying to cross the street a car appeared out of nowhere. The boy fell down out of his bike, he burst into tears when he saw blood which was dropping from his elbows and knees. I came to him and tried to keep him calm . Fortunatelly, it was not a serious accident. I took the child to his house and explained everything to his parents. The boy had bruised elbows and knees. As you can see this story has a happy ending.

Czy jesteś za czy przeciwko paleniu papierosów w miejscach publicznych?

To be honest, I am against smoking . I know that this habit is dangerous. Cigarettes are the main source of lung cancer, chest illness and so one. W I think about smoking in public places I am against it. I am a non -smoker and I hate going to pubs or clubs where there are clouds of smoke. After a while your hair and clothes smell awful. What is more, when you walk in the park or even at the bus stop you can see lots of butts. In my opinion there should be a ban on smoking in public places. Instead we should promote a healthy style of life.

Jaka jest pozycja kobiet we współczesnym świecie?

In my opinion Feminism brought many positive results. Women have been given the same rights as men. Now we can enjoy equal opportunities in education, professional work , politics and in a family life. Nowadays we can see that women are as good as men in almost every job or sometimes we are even better. There are many examples of such women: Danuta Hubner or Margret Thatcher. Nowadays women have choice as to live alone or get married or to bring up children or work profesionally. I think we have a good position in today's wolrd and we should use it in a sensible way.

Jaki jest Twoj pogląd na równouprawnienie?

e are often told that people are equal. That women have the same rights as men. All the people can enjoy equal opportunities in education, professional work , politics and in family life. Nowadays we can see that women are as good as men in almost every job or sometimes they are better than men. But in fact, when you apply for a job sex really matters. Men tend to earn more, they get better position in companies. This situation reminds me of Orwell's Animal Farm where “ all are equal but some are more equal than others”

Co możemy zrobić dla środowiska?

Whenever we go we notice litter, scraps of paper , cans, bottles and plastic containers. All these things are signs of human activity. It is estimated that an ordinary person produces about 300 kilos of litter a year. Well, if we don't want to change our environment into a garbage we should change our way of thinking and stop being so wasteful. I think we don't have to take part in ecological campaigns or protests. All we have to do to protect our environment is buying only ecologically safe products made from recycled material. Moreover, we can return cans and bottles or put them into special containers. In my opinion, even the slightest effort to reduce litter is meaningful. The condition of our environment depends mainly on us.

Czy sądzisz że powinno karać się za posiadanie narkotyków

You can buy different kinds of drugs almost everywhere. Nowadays many young people turn to drugs because they believe they help to relax, deal with sterss and problems of their life. They think that taking drugs is the best way-out. In fact reality is different. Drugs lead to depression. There is a danger of addiction after regular taking. What is more, they can cause serious medical disorders which may lead to death. That is why people who have or sell drugs should be severly punished .
Skrytykuj koleżankę , która oglada tv przez wiele godzin - powiedz jej że jest to szkodliwe
Mary your eyes are red. I think you have been staring at a tv screen for a long time. Don't you know that tv can have negative effects on people. First of all, the more we watch the more passive we become. Instead of going for a walk we prefer to sit in a comfortable armchair, eating sweets and crisp. You should know that this way of spending free time is not good for our health. Moreover, watching tv is time consuming and we often do not have time to meet with friends, we don't express our feelings and emotions- so we can say that our social life is in danger. In my opinion everything is for people but we should use it properly not doing harm to ourselves. Remember it Mary.

Reklama dzwignią handlu-do you agree?

Advertising is a way of persuading people to buy certain products. It seems to be a guide in the mass market. There are many aims of advertising: to attract consumers and sell products. There are many different techniques used in advertising. A lot of money is spent on it. Advertising creates the demand for things that people do not really need- in this way some companies make a lot of money-it is the consumers who pay for it. In this respect we can say that adverts is an integral part of selling products.
Jak reklama wpływa na Twoje codzienne zakupy?
Advertising is a way of persuading people to buy certain products. It also creates the demand for things that people do not really need. I can say that I am an example of a good consumer. In other words, when I see some new products, for example cosmetics, clothes, shoes I want to buy them at once, because I feel I need these things. When I buy something it often turns out that they are not for me or I don't need them. Every time I buy something new I promise to myself I will not I rely on advertising. But this is very difficult. I can say that I am a victim of advertising because it has an big impact on my shopping.

Jaka jest Twoja ulubiona reklama?

Advertising has become an integral part of our reality. It is omnipresent, you can see it on Tv , in the newspapres, on the street. I don't have my favourite advertisment. Generally speaking, I can say that I like all the adverts in which children play main parts. You can see that children behave in a very natural way. They cry, smile, walk, sleep. They are happy and cheerful. Every time these short, colourful films bring back memories from my childhood. In my opinion these are the the best adverts because actors are natural these adverts don't show artificial scenes from every day life.

Zaproś kolegę/ przyjaciół na święta do Polski

I would like to invite you for Christmas in Poland. You should know that some Polish Christmas traditions are different from those in Britain .So I will tel you obout it.e For example: on Chrsitmas Eve (24 December) when the first star appears in the sky people gather at the Christmas table. They don't forget to leave an empty space for an unexpected guest. The table is covered with white tableclothand hay is spread on it. Traditionally there should be 12 dishes.Typical Christmas dishes in Poland are: red borsch, pies, sour cabbage with mushrooms, fish (usually carp) and poppy seed cake. Before the family starts eating all its members share the holy wafer. There is also a custom of giving prestents. So everyone can find a gift under Christmas tree. People go to church to attend the so called “midnight mass'. They prey and sing Christmas carols to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. It is believed that during that special night animals can speak with human voices.Christmas is time of joy and happiness.

Zaproponuj koledze by obejrzał w Tv interesujący film dokumentalny.

As far as I know you are interested in biology and ecology so I think you ought to/ should see a new documentary : Life on Earth by David Attenborough. He knows the world better than most people. This film is a result of his journeys. In this docummentary Attenborough shows the huge speed and scale of change that people are changing the world. He talks about : The Himalayas, Bangladesh, The Sudan and The Amazon Jungle. He shows a sad picture of the world. But in my opinion this docummentary film is worth watching because it shows: it................................................................. You can see this film on Saturday at 5 p.m on Animal Planet.

Dowiedz się czy mógłbyś obejrzeć u znajomych , w najbliższą sobotę interesujący program sportowy ( nie masz telewizji satelitarnej).

What are you doing on Saturday evening? I am asking because there is a good sport programme at 8 pm on Eurosport namely, sumo championship. To be honest, I would like to watch it and because I don't have satellite tv I thought that You could me a favour and let me watch it with You. I think it is worth watching because is part of Japanese tradition. Moreover, you can see that it is a great spectacle. Every single movement has some exstra meaning The fight is fast and it is only 10 second long. But you can see it is a great fun. I hope we wiil have a good time on Saturday evening.

Zaproponuj koledze przeczytanie ciekawego artykułu w wieczornym wydaniu gazety.

As far as I know you are interested in biology and ecology so I think you ought to/ should read the artcicle in today's Gazeta Wyborcza : Life on Earth written by David Attenborough. He knows the world better than most people. This article is a result of his journeys. Attenborough writes about the huge speed and scale of change that people are changing the world. He talks about : The Himalayas, Bangladesh, The Sudan and The Amazon Jungle. He shows some statistics An interesting photos are the integral part of it. A sad picture of the world. ........................................................................................

Spytaj kolegów, czy czytali już wywiad z bardzo znanym sportowcem w dzisiejszym wydaniu gazety sportowej?

I have just read a fascinating interview with Adam Malysz. In sport section in Gazeta Wyborcza. Have You read it? Well, to my mind this interview is worth reading because it shows Adam as an ordinary man. By reading it you can realize how sensible and sensitive he is. In this interview Malysz brings back memories from his childhood. He tells about the difficulties and problems he had to deal with at the beginning of his career. Malysz also talks about all the people who helped him to fulfill his dreams about sport. By reading this , you can realize that family, friends are the most important in his life. I Think that Adam is a good example for many young people. This interwiev is really worth reading.

Zaproponuj koledze by kupował i czytał twoją ulubioną gazetę, ponieważ można w niej znaleźć bardzo interesujące artykuły

I know you read newspapers every day. Well, I also belong to people who want be well-informed. That is way I read Angora. The magazine is published weekly. Every Monday you can buy it in a kiosk. Angora differs from other newspapers - it is a collection of the most interesting articles from Polish and foreign press.You can find news concerning politics, economy, medicine sport and so called social life. There is also a special column where readers can express their opinion. What is more, it costs only 3 zl so this is not very expenisive. In my opinion this magazine is wotrh reading.

Opowiedz o największych problemach ekologicznych w Polsce/ na świecie

For a long time the problem of environmental protection has been neglected. There are many serious cosequences of this kind of policy. These consequences we can notice not only in our country but also all over the world. First of all, he contamination of lakes, rivers, the seas has become a common condition. As a result swimming is forbidden. This pollution contributed to the destruction of wildlife habitat and the extinction of many species of animals. Pollution of atmosphere is the second ecological threat. Polluted air is responsible for the health crisis
Low life -expectancy, respiratory illnesses, infectious diseases, cancer and many others. Thirdly, litter, scraps of paper , cans, bottles and plastic containers have become an integral part of our reality. All these things are signs of human activity. It is estimated that an ordinary person produces about 300 kilos of litter a year. As we can see ecological threats are strictly connected with our life. We should bear in mind the fact that the condition of our environment depends mainly on us.

Home town.

1. Where are you from ?
I come from Wielki Kack which is one of many districts of Gdynia. Before founding of the city in 1926, Wielki Kack used to be a village which was attached to the town during its development. Today much of the character of the village has remained and Wielki Kack is rather a quiet area but also a pleasant one. Most people are friendly and outgoing and I think that everyone gets one with each other well. One of the major advantages is the location of the district. It is in close proximity to Tricity Ringroad which means that it is very easy to commute to other parts of town. It is just few minutes drive to the center and for this reason a lot of new people are attracted to the area. I moved in to live here two years ago and I don't think I would like to live anywhere else now.

2. Can you tell me something about your town?
Gdynia is a modern city located at the Baltic coast. It was established in 1926 and merchant port played a significant role in its development. Prior to this event Gdynia had been a fisherman village of little importance. Today it has a population of around 500.000 inhabitants and there is a huge inflow of new people into the town. The port is one of the biggest and most modern ports in the Baltic Sea. The most beautiful part of Gdynia is waterfront. There is a spacious boulevard along the sea, where tourists as well as locals can walk and rest in numerous small pubs and cafes. However, it is the center which speaks volumes of Gdynia's character, people and culture. The most representative street is Świętojańska where nearly everything can be bought starting from socks up to property. At the northern end of the boulevard there is Kościuszko square with Maritime museum, multi-cinema, fun park and restaurants. There, are also situated two historical ships, destroyer BLYSKAWICA and nearly 100 years old frigate DAR POMORZA. I think that Gdynia has set high goals for other towns in Poland to achieve and it is gradually adapting its structure to European standards.

3. What is there to do in the evenings in your town?
There is quite few things to do in the evenings in my town. The way the evening is spent depends upon one's taste and mood. For those who enjoy wild nights and loud music, I would recommend to visit Tornado which is the biggest night club in Gdynia. It is said to have good music and reasonable atmosphere. Those people who would like to have a quite evening out I would recommend to pay a visit to pubs, restaurants and cafes. John Bull Pub, although known as being rather pricy, offers live Irish and Scottish music twice a week. Monika café offers the best ice-creams in Gdynia and excellent coffee is served there too. When it comes to restaurants, I would recommend Polonia restaurant which apart from serving delicious dishes is also famous for special atmosphere and warm outlook. Those who enjoy live performances, I would recommend two theaters in Gdynia namely Music and Municipal Theatre. Both offer a wide range of plays throughout the whole year and have a cast of actors. Finally, City Council is also involved in organization and sponsoring of multitude of Art Galleries and Concerts. There are also many social events and picnics which start in the afternoons and go on till late in the evenings.

4. Which part of your town do you like most? Why?
There are many interesting places in my town. However, the one which is closest to my heart is undoubtedly the area of Kościuszko Square and Boulevard with a view at the sea. The sea front part of my town is the most beautiful. It has a special character and is truly a charismatic place. The view from Sightseeing Tower in Kamienna Góra is really amazing. One can see Hel peninsular on a sunny day and vessels moored at the quay. Walks along Kościuszko Square with the view at two historic vessels namely 100 year old frigate Dar Pomorza and Second World War destroyer Błyskawica, are truly magic. Boat trips across the sea port canals and to Sopot pier provide people with warm memories of summer during cold winter days. I think that this place is the most representative of Gdynia's character. It speaks volumes of the past and the way this city has progressed from a petty village to one of the most advanced towns in Poland.

5. What kind of jobs do people do in your town?
Gdynia is primarily a sea port town and as such most of its inhabitants are employed in merchant port, shipyards and other companies involved in shipping business. There are many Sailor Recruitment Agencies which give employment to many sailors whose families live in the town. There are also shipping design and consulting companies which employ designers and economists. The second considerable group are professional man and businessman who run their own companies and give employment to a lot of skilled and semi-skilled labor. They own most of the city retail outlets and commercial services. There are also many civil servants who work in public services such as City Hall. They along with many white collar workers constitute one of the largest groups in the city. Finally, there is also a group of self-employed people who mostly engage in trade. People in this group often lack necessary skills demanded by labor market to find employment elsewhere.

Family

1. Do you have a large or small family?
2. Can you tell me something about them?
I think I have a small family. There are three people in it. I am the only child but sometimes I wish I had a brother or a sister. This is because I feel lonely at times and I wish I had someone to speak to. I am a second year student at High School Number 2 in Sopot. My mother is a manager in a trading company and my father is an officer on a passenger vessel. He spends most of his time away from home and this means that I am mostly with my mother. Nevertheless, I think that when we are all together we are a happy family. My father and myself are very keen on computing and we always spend summer holidays together at Mazurian Lake District sailing on our boat. My mother likes traveling abroad and she enjoys warm countries in particular.

Work/Study

1. Can you tell me something about yourself ?
I am seventeen years old teenagers and I think I am just the same like all of them. I enjoy listening to music and my favorite kind of music is hip-hop. My favorite band is Cypress Hill and Dr Dre. I have been always good at sports and I like playing basketball and volleyball. Most of all, however, I am keen on extreme sports such as parachute and bungee jumping. I think I am an open person with very outgoing personality. It is sometimes difficult to get on with me but generally I think I am open minded. I like studying languages and I enjoy computing very much. I go out with friends and I like having a lot of people around me.

2. Do you work or are you a student ?
I am a second year student at High school No. 2 in Sopot. I have never worked before although I wish I had my own source of income so that I would not have to ask my parents for money. My school is academically average but I think that it has a special atmosphere created by the students. I generally get on with most of my teachers but sometimes there happens a disagreement over my grades or behavior. I think I enjoy my student life just like all the rest of my friends. We go to the parties and we love to socialize and meet new people. I think that I would like to have some kind of summer job because it could give me the opportunity not only to meet new people but also to learn some skills which may prove to be useful in the future.

3. What do you enjoy most about your studies ?
I don't think I enjoy studying very much but at the same time I don't think I could do without going to school. I have a lot of friends there and there is always something happening. Life in my school is I believe just the same as in any other. Some people continually get into trouble but it is fun watching them. However, one subject which I enjoy most in my school is Mathematics. I understand maths because I have had a very good teacher in my primary school. In comparison to my present one, she knew how to teach as well as to make people like her subject. She was both funny as well as demanding and she had this special gift of making a very relaxing atmosphere in her lessons. I believe that the prime reason why I don't enjoy my studies now is the fact that most teachers do not make enough sacrifice to make us understand. They only come into the lesson and do what they have to. I wish it was different but then I think I would have to change schools which I am not very keen on doing because of my friends.

4. What qualifications will you need for the job you hope to do ?
I would like to peruse a career of a software engineer. I think this profession has future and recent developments in high-tech industry suggest that demand for software engineers is going to grow rapidly. This is a highly competitive area and I am aware of the fact that there will be a lot of people applying for all the key jobs by the time I will finish university. For this reason I am studying languages because they may prove vital addition to my qualifications. Good command of at least two European languages is a must if one wants to have a career in computing and work for multinational companies such as Softbank, ICL or Microsoft. In addition I think it would be also important to have a good university degree at masters level from a good university. In order to be able to get into good academic institution one needs to have good grades in science based subjects. However, a high pace of development of this branch of industry makes it difficult to predict what other requirements might employers want in the future and for this reason I think that one has to achieve good results in everything.

Leisure

1. Do you have any hobby ?
There are many things that I like to do but my main hobbies include computers and sport. Generally these hobbies don't go together well but I like them in the same way. I have been interested in computers for six years. I started with games, then I used to make and mix music and now I spend a lot of time making graphics and internet pages. I also surf in internet. Sometimes I like playing strategy games on internet but not often because it's too expensive. My second hobby is sport. I like all sports connected with board most. My summer hobby is windsurfing. When weather, time and money permit I try to do it as often as possible. I practice windsurfing on sea, in Chalupy, at the Hel Peninsula. This is often dangerous, difficult but also very exciting. The more dangerous kind of windsurfing is kitesurfing which I would like to try one day. In winter I practice snowboarding which is my favorite board-sport. I love jumping and doing tricks. I've many friends doing the same, so I don't have any problems with finding company when going snowboarding.

2. How did you become interested in your hobby ?
My hobbies are computers and sport. I have been interested in computers for six years. This was when my father bought for me my first real computer. I remember that it was Pentium 133 and it was the best hardware on the market. I was sitting all the time in front of the monitor and I was playing all the time. But soon playing games began to bore me and I started making and mixing music. Now I'm mostly interested in graphics and internet. I have already made a few internet pages and I am involved in making a web site for my school. I have been also interested in sport ever since I can remember. My parents are very keen on sport and they got me interested in sport. My mother is a sailing, swimming and skiing instructor because she graduated from Physical Education Academy in Gdansk. My father has been sailing for 8 years and generally he has always liked sport. My first true contact with sport was when I was 6 or 7 and I went to the tennis lessons which I enjoyed very much. Today I am keen on bored-sports and I love snowboarding and windsurfing.

3. Which do you prefer more, watching television or going cinema? What sort of programs/films do you like to watch ?
Generally I don't like watching television because I'm rather an active person but there are times when I like lying on the sofa and watching TV. I like watching comedies and action films especially. My favorite comedy serial is “swiat wedlug kiepskich” which is one the funniest program I've ever seen. I watch it as often as I can. Nevertheless, above all, I prefer going out with my friends to watching television. I often go to the multi cinema in Kosciuszko square in Gdynia where I can watch films on the big screen and listen to truly outstanding sound effects. I saw my first film in this cinema in September, one week after it was officially opened. The film that I went to see was “Gladiator” and it was shown in the biggest room called “panorama”. There is a semi-circular screen and Dolby surround sound system. I think that “Gladiator” was one of the best films I have ever seen and for this reason I have seen it four times already. I think that the soundtrack from this movie is also exceptionally good and I would recommend it to everyone. Generally I am not fond of sitting at home so I prefer going to the cinema.

4. What kind of sports are you and your friends interested in ?
I and my friends are interested in many sports but most of all we like all sort of sports connected with a board. We practice skateboarding in our yard throughout the whole year. I remember the first skate board was owned by my friend Michael and then the rest of us bought ours. In summer, we also practice windsurfing. When the weather is good and we have enough money, we often go to the Chalupy at the Hel Peninsula. Sometimes during holidays we go there camping and we do a lot of windsurfing. However what we truly enjoy is snowboarding which we practice at camps in Slovakia. We like jumping on the boards so we often build ramps on the slopes. It happens that occasionally someone breaks something but people do not get put off and we continue practicing jumps to the perfection. I and my friends have always enjoyed extreme sports. This year some of us are considering to try parachute jumping. I think that all of us enjoy the feeling of freedom and independence. I deeply believe that parachute jumping would enable us to experience both of them.

5. What kind of music do you enjoy most ?
I like many different kinds of music but most of all I enjoy hip-hop. The first time that I have heard a hip-hop song was in the sixth class of Grammar School. At that time most of my friends were listening to groups such as backstreet boys and spice girls. I didn't particularly enjoy this kind of music and I was looking for something that really appealed to my lifestyle and my personality. My first band which I have really listened to was Cypress Hill and it has remained my most favorite group till this day. I have all their records and albums and sometimes I wish I could go to their concert live. I generally prefer American hip-hop groups because polish hip-hop scene is rather poor. There are perhaps three or four reasonable bands but nothing else really. Somebody said few years ago that white man can't jump and white man can't rap and I think I agree with this statement. Of course it is easy to look for exceptions just like in the case of Eminem who is the most popular hip-hop artist now. He is very good despite being white. I also like traditional polish music which is quite popular in our country. I prefer bands such as “Brathanki” and “Golec uorkiestra” which I listen to quite a lot. My parents do not generally approve of the music that I listen to and they often say I have a rather strange taste. Generally, I tolerate all other kinds of music but I don't think I will ever like disco-polo.

6. How do you usually spend your holidays ?
I usually spend my holidays away from home, often at the camps with friends but sometimes I go on holidays with my parents on my father's boat. I enjoy camps because I can relax without my parents with my friends and we can do what we want. We always go to Slovakia together and we enjoy meeting new people and making new friends. Our camps are always sports camps. In the summer we go to play tennis and in winter we spend our vocation skiing and snowboarding. However, my most favorite camps are in winter. I love snowboarding and skiing. Last vocation I spent with my father sailing in Mazurian Lake Distric. We also went to Hel Peninsula where we did a lot of windsurfing. I also like traveling abroad and I have already visited few countries. I have already been to Rome, Mallorca and Spain. However, most of all I enjoy camps and spending my time with friends.

7. Is there anywhere you would particularly like to visit ? Why ?
I would particularly like to visit Bali because there are the best conditions for kite-surfing and generally it is a beautiful island with unusual nature. There are gorgeous beaches, warm sea and most importantly perfect waves for surfing. I always wanted to visit different countries and tropical places hence travel to Bali has been my dream for many years. I would also like to visit the USA too because this is a different country which I have never been to before. I know that films do not show true images of American life and culture and I would like to see it on my own eyes. Most of all I would like to visit New York and see statue of liberty and Manhattan. However, what I would like to do most is to go shopping there. There are a lot of products which are not yet available on the polish market. On the other hand, there are also many impressive places of interest such as canyons and Yellowstone National Park. In addition, there are also many other places in the world that I would like to visit.

Future Plans

1. What do you hope to do in the next few years ?
My plans for the next few years are very ambitious so I'll have a lot of work to do. In the near future I hope to get my driving license and I know it is not all that easy to pass the exam in the first go. I am also planning to attend a parachuting course in one of the airdromes in the Tricity. There are few theoretical lessons at the beginning but then the course gets much tougher because there is a lot of fitness exercises which each candidate must complete. I would also like to improve my windsurfing and kite-surfing skills either at the Hawaii islands or Bali. These places are known for excellent instructors and best conditions to do these sports. I am also planning to do well at school. I would like to pass entrance exams to Gdańsk Polytechnic and do a computing course there. Polytechnic is said to be very demanding so I know that there is a lot of studying ahead of me. After graduation I would like to start my own company and earn enough money to buy an apartment of my own. One thing which I am not planning to do in next few years is to get married until I am completely financially independent.

2. How important is English to your future plans ?
English is very important for my future plans because I would like to travel a lot in the future. I particularly would like to visit USA. English is widely spoken all over the world by over 2 million people. It is an international language which enables people to communicate in nearly al European countries. Nevertheless, most importantly English is a key to professional success for many young people. I would like to study computing at Gdańsk Polytechnic and both of these fields are extremely related to one another. I do not think it is possible to make any career without proper command of English language both spoken and written. There are many international companies investing in Poland and they search markets for people with good command of this language. Head hunters in Warsaw often say it is extremely difficult to find young trainees with well spoken English. For these reasons I believe that this language is going to be a key to my future English is international language of informatics so I must know it in the perfect way to be good in my future profession. All professional scientific new is publicized in this language. I want to go to the USA to the Hollywood or Silicon Valley to work as a designer of programs for special effect to films.

3. What do you hope to be doing in five years time ?
My plans for the next few years are very ambitious so I'll have a lot of work to do. In the near future I hope to get my driving license and I know it is not all that easy to pass the exam in the first go. I am also planning to attend a parachuting course in one of the airdromes in the Tricity. There are few theoretical lessons at the beginning but then the course gets much tougher because there is a lot of fitness exercises which each candidate must complete. I would also like to improve my windsurfing and kite-surfing skills either at the Hawaii islands or Bali. These places are known for excellent instructors and best conditions to do these sports. I am also planning to do well at school. I would like to pass entrance exams to Gdańsk Polytechnic and do a computing course there. Polytechnic is said to be very demanding so I know that there is a lot of studying ahead of me. After graduation I would like to start my own company and earn enough money to buy an apartment of my own. One thing which I am not planning to do in next few years is to get married until I am completely financially independent.

Keeping up with fashion

Nowadays keeping up with fashion become more than necessity, it become obligatory. What is name being fashion and different than others means to be “cool”. Originally fashion was connected with quality clothes of famous brands, but during the time point of view has changed and now we can add to this couple extra things such as: technology, sport, even particular type of music and many others.

There are many advantages keeping up with fashion. First of all being fashion makes us “cool” what means that everyone wants to be us and behave like we are. Due to that all friends like us and they listen us because everything what we say is the best. And what can be better than having big influence on our environment.

Secondly, owing new technology gadgets such as MP3 player or the newest mobile phone makes that everyone put attention to us. What make that we not feeling strange even more we feel better than others because of having this gadgets which are not accessible to everyone.
Another thing which keep us fashion is music. It makes that we belong to the particular group of people who listen the same music and represent the same style as we. Furthermore it makes that we have good mood and we feel respected by others.
On the other hand there are many disadvantages keeping up with fashion. One point of view against is that, we have to have enough money for expensive clothes and all other new things which also are not cheap.

Another reason is that we may become addicted to this and we may do not notice what happens around us. We become self-centered and other people may start turn out from us, so as a result we stay alone.

Finally keeping up with fashion means that you have to stay all the time on the same wave. It means that you can not be fashion for a couple days, so all the time you have to check new trends and that also is not an easy thing to do.
In conclusion, I think that keeping up with fashion is good for people who have a lot of money and who wants to boast about thing which they have. Of course we can be fashion but we have to know that is not easy thing to do and remember that keeping up with fashion not always means to follow new trends.

Do you think it is important to follow fashion?

Fashion was always one of the most important aspects of people' life. Many a time it was a kind of social delimitation. High society, when wanted to demonstrate its fortune, wears cloths, which were too expensive for others.

At present the situation is not much different. Wearing expansive cloths is nowadays mainly a feature of teenagers. They want to put on the latest heights of fashion, because they want to be admired by peers and opposite sex.

Contrasted fashion, hairstyle and appearance are usually particular for different society groups and cults. More over, it is fashion that creates and develops views of a group like that. It starts being identified with a way of living, convictions, opinions, and not a person as an individual. In the long run, that may destroy our singularity as human beings, and cause deterioration of our personality.

Today, on the fashion market, firms like Adidas or Nike started to dominate. They sell mainly sports wear, which is very expensive. But, from my point of view, these clothes became some kind of a symbol of snobbery. It's true that they are really excellent, well done and extremely comfortable, but they are no longer, what they were designed for. As far as I'm concerned, most of people wearing them nowadays are simply snobs, not sportsmen. Following this kind of fashion is just a way of imposing others and can just lay us open to ridicule.

To cut a long story short, we certainly shouldn't follow fashion by all means. In my opinion, everybody should have his own style, exact and proper for himself. I think that we ought to rely more on ourselves in matters of fashion. Maybe that will let the rests of our individuality survive.

The price of fame

Three years ago most of the world has learned about the tragic death of Princess Diana and her companion, Dodi Al-Fayed.

Many people were quick to blame the paparazzi, those free-lance photographers who specialize in celebrities.

And even though it appears that high-speed driving by an intoxicated chauffeur actually led to the fatal crash, those conditions occurred only because the couple were trying to escape unwanted attention from photographic stalkers.

As a result, there are renewed cries for restrictions to be placed on such activities.

At the heart of this debate is a question of whether public figures have a right to privacy.

The paparazzi seem to believe that because politicians, entertainers, and professional athletes depend on publicity to further their careers, the public somehow "owns" them.

This argument seems false to me: even though some people are more visible and well-known than others, they should still be able to draw a line between their professional and personal lives.

Free press or not, invasion of privacy is still a violation of current law.

The problem is to determine what part of a celebrity's life should be considered private.

One possible solution to this problem is to change ownership laws such that photographs belong to the subject(s) rather than just to the photographer.

Under this interpretation, no picture of people could be published without the permission of at least one of those portrayed.

This permission could be granted in either of two ways: explicitly, by written consent of the person or an agent; or implicitly, by participation in an event where picture-taking is allowed.

(Examples of the latter: sporting events, movie premieres, open meetings of government officials.)

The financial incentive for celebrity-chasing would be eliminated, but the press would still be free to publish any fact-based story without censorship.

This balance between individual and public rights is one Princess Diana might well have applauded.

Plastic surgery reflects human vanity

INCREASED POPULARITY OF COSMETIC SURGERY REFLECTS HUMAN VANITY

Plastic surgery is the easiest, the most popular and the most effective way to bring back youth,beauty and satisfaction of one's apperance. Not only in America it's fairly as common as dentist visit. Surgery is one of the fastest developing branches of medicine. Endeavours are used by businessman, people who are in the limelight, movie stars, TV speakers but also by one's without work who just can't live with their inferiority complexes resulting from their apperance. Nowadays outer apperance is really important not only in making business but also in interpersonal relationships.

There are many kinds of operations like: nose,ears operations, suction lipectomy, hair transplantation, teeth replacing, face lifting. Prices vary from 600 - 7000 złoych. But in some cases costs don't really matter.

In my opinion plastic, cosmetic surgery has application only in some cases. For example young girl, who has
been injured during car accident should have a possibility to improve her changed apperance, because the way she will live rest of her life depands on the operation . But it's not fair, when mother ( who has shared resposibility for her family ) goes to a cosmetic surgery for an operation just to improve her mood. And after this whole family is starving for the rest of the month.

These two situations showed a big diffrence between real need and simple vanity. I think this increase of popularity results of still raising number of accidents not from decreasing morality of contemporary society.

There's another aspect of cosmetic surgery. It's very expensive and only a few can afford it. Usually the people who doesn't really need it ( wives of well-off businessmans ). Why don't make it more avaliable to one's who really need it, who often don't want to live no more because of their changed apperance? I think thant owners of health-care institiutions, surgery clinics should take note of those facts

In conclusion. People always wanted to improve outer part of themselves - their body, and I am sure that this trend will least for a long time, cause we will try to achieve physical perfection for ever. So I think that proffesion of surgeonist could be a proffesion of tommorow?

Advertisements - a source of information or a clever mean of manipulation?

We come across advertisements every step we take: at out homes on television or on radio, in the streets on so-called billboards, in newspapers etc.

But have we ever wondered what kind of influence do they have on us?

Are they a source of information or a clever mean of manipulation?

The main point of advertisement in its all forms is to make us buy a product.

Marketing experts fight with each other about who is to discover a better slogan to attract customers.

Sometimes they use hidden means to do that, so we are unaware of the influence the advertisements have on us (for example the meaning of colours).

Almost always they simply lie - even the most up-to-date face cremes will not let us look 20 years younger.

Producers just wait for our gullibility to empty our wallets.

In most cases advertisements have no other goals as to present advantages of the product (no disadvantages possible!).

However, for some years we've been able to see, specially on billboards, advertisements sponsored usually by the Governemt.

They present us many important pieces of information on issues, such as alcoholism, drug addictions, aids or bribery.

Their main point is to focus our attention on these problems, show, that they do exist in our country and indoctrinate us to start acting against them.

For sure the governmental advertisements are more intelligent form of spreading information.

But whether they act like a mean of manipulation or not, is still doubtful because we cannot measure it in any way (just as we can with advertisements of products).

All in all, the goal of advertising industry always remains the same.

No matter what they want to show us, their message is to catch our eyesight and manipulate us

Fast food chains

Fast food is food which is prepared and served quickly at outlets called fast-food restaurants. It is a multi-billion dollar industry which continues to rapidly grow in many countries, as fewer people are eating at home. Ten years ago, they were practically unheard of by most of people. Nowadays their attitude to fast food has been completely changed not only in loads of conutries, but especially in the USA, the source of most of its innovation, where fast food restaurants are extremely popular. Despite the fact that previously it was considered to be very good and trendy, today youths are a lil bit more sceptic and somehow try to reduce the amount of such kind of food eaten every day. So I shall analize this topic carefully within USA.

One major advantage (as its name points at) is that is pretty fast. In the USA loads of people do not have enough time to prepare meals and wash up. They are too busy and the only way to satisfy their hunger are fast food chains, where most of meals are self-made which seems to be very important for not only buissnesmen, but also for students.

Secondly, its availability is an important issue as well. In the USA, Mc Donald's tend to be located outside the centres of towns. They are usually found on the main roads leading in and out of town. On toll-free highways there are no service areas in the USA so the highway traffic uses the same services such as restaurants and gas stations as the people in each town. Consequently, there is no problem with finding fast food restaurants.

However, the cooking method is partly responsible for the food's unhealthyness. Fast food is commonly deep fried, and thereby contains more fat and calories. The cooking oil used to fry the food contains trans fats which are damaging to the heart. As a result, it may lead to many diseases, for instance obesity. That's why loads of people in the USA are getting fatter and fatter.

After this, fast food may contain unwanted chemical additives hidden and lack proper labelling, which are damaging to the heart. Eating so many calories is really harmful and unhealthy, it might be dangerous to the human body. Especially one's immune system may not work normally due to of lacks of necessary vitamins.

On balance, because of its convenience, fast food is popular in the USA and commercially successful in most modern societies, but it is often criticized for leading to obesity. Fast food portions are usually larger than the amount one should consume in a serving, so in my opinion eating in Mc Donald's should be limited as much as possible.

Fast food is not healthy?

Do you think that fast food is good for our health? Many people eat fast food and they don't know haw that food affects their health and life. People know too little about the properties and results of eating fast food. We should know something about products that we want to eat.
First of all at many fast food restaurants a single meal gives a disproportionate share of recommended daily intake of fat cholesterol salt and sugar. We shouldn't eat fast food because the meals don't contain elements which are needed for life.
Furthermore around the world traditional diets and recipes are yielding to sodas, burgers and other highly processed items that are high in fat sugar and salt-fuelling a global epidemic of obesity diabetas and other chronic illnesses.
On the other hand if we haven't time so as cook at home we may buy fast food because it's cheap quick and heavily promoted.
In conclusion fast food is not healthy but if we eat cautiously between whiles we may be quiet everything will be OK. The little quantums of fast food shouldn't harm us. We should care about our health. As Ralph Waldo Emerson says: "The first wealth is health".

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa is an illness that mainly affects adolescent girls. The most common features are loss of weight and a change in behavior. The weight loss may become severe and life threatening. The personality changes will be those of increasing seriousness and introversion and an increasing tendency to become obsessional. She will usually begin to lose contact with her friends. She will regress and appear to lose confidence. She may become less assertive, less argumentative and more dependant.

Those people who intentionally starve themselves suffer from an eating disorder called anorexia nervosa. The disorder, which usually begins in young people around the time of puberty, involves extreme weight loss; at least 15 percent below the individual's normal body weight.  Typical symptoms are:


The patient will not maintain a minimum body weight (for example, 85% of expected weight for height
      and age).

Despite being underweight, the patient intensely fears becoming fat.

Self-perception of the body is abnormal, shown by at least 1 of:

* Unduly emphasizes weight or shape in self-evaluation
* Denies seriousness of low weight
* Has a distorted perception of own body shape or weight

Due to weight loss, a female patient has missed at least 3 consecutive periods (or periods
     occur only  when she is given hormones).

Potential medical complications 

Dry skin, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypertension, dependent edema, anemia, lanugo, infertility, osteoporosis, cardiac failure, and death (most commonly results from starvation, suicide, or electrolyte imbalances).

Associated Features 

Depressed Mood
Somatic or Sexual Dysfunction
Guilt or Obsession
Anxious or Fearful or Dependent Personality

 

Differential Diagnosis 

Some disorders display similar or sometimes even the same symptom. The clinician, therefore, in his diagnostic attempt has to differentiate against the following disorders which one needs to be ruled out to establish a precise diagnosis.

General medical conditions
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
Major Depressive Disorder
Schizophrenia
Social Phobia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Bulimia Nervosa

 

Cause:

The self esteem of individuals with eating disorders is directly related to their body shape, weight, and management of food. Eating disorders often lead to diminished concentration and attention leaving one less able to focus on academic course work. Preoccupation with food and body image result in feelings of anxiety which may also interfere with daily functioning. In severe cases medical problems may arise such as hypertension, dental enamel erosion, malnutrition, impaired renal functioning, electrolyte imbalance, and cardiovascular problems which require medical attention and possible hospitalization.

 

Treatment:

Counseling and Psychotherapy [ See Therapy Section ]:

Psychotherapeutic interventions may include individual or group therapy modalities. Often simply beginning a course of treatment will result in a feeling of relief at no longer having to keep such an important part of one's life a secret. The focus of psychotherapy is often on improving self-esteem, but may be supplemented with nutrition education, discussions of eating habits, exploration of the role that food and eating play in one's life and underlying family and interpersonal dynamics.

There are a number of treatment options available according to the symptoms shown:

Inpatient:

Indications for hospitalization may include any of the following:

* Patient's weight less than or equal to 70% of ideal body weight.
* Persistent suicidal ideation.
* Need for withdrawal from laxatives, diet pills, or diuretics.
* Failure of outpatient treatment.

 

Outpatient:

The combination of medical, psychological, and educational treatments can be effective on an outpatient basis. Occasionally, a person with anorexia nervosa whose weight is dangerously low, or a person with bulimia who is out of control may require temporary hospitalization. It is important to seek professional treatment as quickly as possible. Treat the medical complications of starvation.

Nutritional counseling to establish a balanced diet, an expected rate of weight gain (up to 2 lbs. per week), and a final goal weight.

Use behavioral techniques to reward weight gain.

Individual and group cognitive therapy to alter anorexic attitudes, enhance autonomy, and improve
self-esteem.

Family therapy may also be useful.

Treat any associated mood disorder.

Treatment options are best discussed with the general practitioner who will be able to advise if specialist help is needed. Another source of unbiased advice is the Eating Disorders Association. Some regions have good N.H.S. facilities but many do not or have long waiting lists. Some private clinics also have well developed eating disorder units, but quality varies and costs are often high making medical insurance necessary for many. Sometimes the N.H.S. will pay for private treatment where there are no suitable N.H.S. facilities and these options can be explored by the clinic with the assistance of the local doctor.

Unconventional Medicine

The sick come to them when „normal” medicine fails. They say themselves that their powers come from God. Who are they? Can they really help?

Their ads appear in the newspapers; television informs about their seances. The practitioners of unconventional medicine are becoming more and more popular in our country. Only several years ago people used to talk about their visits to healers in low voices. Today there are some 50 000 of them in Poland. The suffering seek help from the healers not only in our homeland but also in other countries - USA, Germany, France, Great Britain etc. What makes people turn to the healers for help? I would like to tell you now about a few people who are the healers. They have normal families and live normal life but they also possess some uncanny talents.

One of them is Madame Picoron, who heals at a distance. All she needs is a photograph or an object that belongs to the sick. Madame Picoron lives with her family in a small village in Vendĕe province in western France. When she was seriously ill, she discovered she had unusual healing powers. Since then she decided to share them with others. Magnetism is an inherited gift in her family. All family members for several generations have had it. When a 7-year-old boy was dying from leukaemia, his grandmother brought his photograph to Madame Picoron. In the beginning Madame Picoron didn't promise much. She would just try to make the boy feel better. When she left alone with the picture, she sensed that she should, and even must, place it on a reproduction of an icon of the Holliest Virgin Mary from Medjugorje. And so she did. After three days the boy's grandmother came to tell Madame Picoron that the boy had fully recovered!!!

Another person I want to tell you about is Chaski. He was born in the Amazon region of Peru. Since early childhood he was interested in magic, studied the mysteries of plants and the powers of stones. When he was 16, he met his spiritual teacher who exposed him to the secret teachings of Incas.
Chaski takes his patients to Machu Picchu. He uses healing ceremonies to rid them of suffering. He heals digestive disorders with herbs collected in the mountain valleys. He also cures children with anorexia. One of Chaski's greatest achievements is the healing of an Italian doctor who suffered from hearing problems and was awaiting a serious surgery. Chaski met him on the mountain track. They wandered together for four days. During that time, Chaski regularly served the doctor teas made from herbs picked on the hillsides. He also prepared ointments and applied them on the ailing ear of the doctor. After these treatments the operation was no longer neccessary.
These are just two examples of individuals who can do more than normal people or more than...”normal” doctors! The conventional medicine often is helpless.
Sometimes doctors can't even properly diagnose the patient. The healers approach their patients differently. They have more personal contact with them.

In Poland, the unconventional medicine became popular in 1972. That year Clive Harris made his first visit and touched approaching people with his „energetic” palms. Practitioners of the classical medicine more and more accept the healers, even if they can't always rationally explain their achievements. Still, they advise their patients not to interrupt the treatments and stop taking the pharmaceutical drugs under the healers suggestions.

The unconventional medicine has always been, is and still remain a mystery for us. Nobody understands how it is possible to heal just by touch or with the power of will. One thing is sure though. There are more and more healers and those who trust them among us. And no one can say that all this is just a hoax. Would then the popularity of the healers grow as fast as it does now...?

Vocabulary:

Unconventional - niekonwencjonalna
Fail - zawodzić
Ads - ogłoszenia
Seances - seanse
Practitioner - praktykujący
Healer - uzdrowiciel
The suffering - cierpiący
Homeland - ojczyzna
Possess - posiadać
Uncanny - niesamowite, zagadkowe
Magnetism - magnetyzm
Inherited - dziedziczony, przekazywany z pokolenia na pokolenie
Leukaemia - białaczka
Reproduction - reprodukcja
Icon - ikona
Recovered - w pełni wyleczony, zdrów
Childhood - dzieciństwo
Spiritual - duchowy
Expose - odsłonić, ujawnić
Rid - uwalniać, oczyszczać
Digestive - trawienne
Disorders - zaburzenia, dolegliwości
Herbs - zioła
Achievement - osiągnięcie, wyczyn, dokonanie
Wander - wędrować, włóczyć się
Hillsides - zbocza, stoki
Ointments - maści, kremy
Apply - tu: przykładać do...
Ailing - niedomagające, chorowite
Approach - zbliżać się
Interrupt - przerywać
Remain - pozostawać
Hoax - oszustwo, mistyfikacja

Healthing power (- alternative medicine)

Alternative medicine is a really famous way of the treatment. Some people insist this is the only method which can help in pulling through. But we must remember, that alternative therapy can also change our psyche.
I'm not a great believer in treating this way. Once I heard about a tactic called Ajurweda. It's a Hindu way of treatment. Ajurweda uses oils and healthy diet to treat. But first of all it relies on the properly setup of consciousness. If I had to be treated by natural ways I would be affraid of being more responsive, neither energetic. I mean - that the a.t. would change my psyche.
Herbs are able to act in organism in such a manner as medicaments don't manage to. They are able to reach in organism for these places and these spheres where any medicines cannot do simply.
I'm a spastic (or sceptic) person. When I'm thinking of changing my psyche I'm trembling. I'm really scare of all this methods. That's why I'm not going to treat myself in this way. I believe irrefutably in what the doctors do. I'm sure that people who were studying medicine for 6 years must know what they do. And the majority of their moves is certainly good.
Of course there are some ilnesses which could be cured only by natural medicine without any medicaments but personally I think it's the last way I would treat the person.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of alternative medicine ??

Alternative medicine is an unconventional treatment. A lot of people turn to the alternative methods if they don't see another solution in they recover.
However, there are advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage of alternative medicine is the fact that alternative doctors treat the patients as individuals. It makes you sure that your health is the most important thing for your doctor.
What is more, the doctors are interested in the whole body, not only the organ that doesn't work. Also, alternative medicine cures the patient, not the ilness.
On the other hand, there are disadvantages. Alternative medicine isn't very fashionable. The reason is the fact that this medicine is quite expensive and it isn't well-studied.
What is more unconventional methods are not easily accessible and they are not applicable to all sorts of diseases. So if you don't feel well and you need unconventional help, first you must make an appointment to see an alternative doctor and next (s)he will tell you that (s)he can try to treat you or not.
Another disadvantage of alternative medicine is the fact that it is a psychological help rather than real treatment and sometimes it's damage to your health instead of helping it.
In conclusion, we can't be sure that alternative medicine is effective. So maybe it will be better if we are treated by traditional methods of treatment.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of alternative medicine?

I'm for alternative medicine. I like different things and that type of medic has some magic inside. Of course it may be dangerous, but what is fully safe?
An argument for it is one thing- it really works. It maybe too mistic for some people, but facts talk to most scientific minds.
In other point of view we don't know why it works (or doesn't work), what forces are used, what plants are mixed etc. Our body is very sensitive and what helped one of us can be dangerous for another.
I have rather hazardious personality and I would like to try alternative medicine. I believe that knowledge which is thousands of years old is well-tried. I know there can be cheaters but I believe doctors. There are fans of alternative medicine who can teach other how to use it and how to defend ourselves from taking something like that, instead of cure.

Animal rights

Did we really have to carry on vivisection or eating animals? Aren`t all animals as equal as we are as living creatures? To these questions I can only give positive answers.
First of all, on the issue of testing drugs on animals for side effects in human beings, as we know from the thalidomide case, it`s very difficult to predict what the effect of a drug will be on human beings - tests done on animals can prove to be ineffective in case of people. Besides, if we look at penicillin and aspirin, two of the most famous modern drugs, which were found by accident. No animal was needed to find them.

Secondly, all experiments on animals should be stopped because they are cruel and inhumane. Dogs are made to smoke cigarettes, rats and mice have shampoo and cosmetics squirted in their eyes to see what will happen. But everybody should know that these animals suffer so much that most of them have to be put down.

Therefore, we shouldn`t approve of using animals for cosmetics and even medical tests, as both human beings and animals feel pain and suffer from being beaten cruelly. And further, many experiments are so grotesque that they diminish the dignity of man and are only conducted for the benefit of mankind. Hardly anybody realizes that animals ought to enjoy the same rights as we - people - do.

I think so, because so far too many animals have been abused and exploited and they can only depend on us for their protection. If we don`t protect them, who will? Because the animals are the living creatures in the same case as we are, we have no rights to kill them. We shouldn`t be allowed to do so. Nobody has the right to say ``Kill this stupid dog!``. Therefore, I will always insist on saying that it`s time animals were allowed to enjoy the gift of life as much as we do. They will only do so when scientific experiments on them are banned for ever.

For the same reasons, I`d always say that we shouldn`t kill animals just to eat them. We can do without eating them and be as healthy as any other creature which depends only on plants, eg. mice, many birds - they eat only plants and are strong enough to run quickly and cover very long distances in a very short time. To provide ourselves with indispensable vitamins, we can eat, eg. soya beans, nuts, brown bread, which contain the same quantity of valuable protein as meat. Although vegetarianism hasn`t gained many advocates so far, it should have - mainlt for moral and religious reasons.

Not only people but animals as well can feel pain, love, be devoted to each other, so don`t deprive them of their rights to be free and don`t kill them for your pleasure, as they do want to live and feel free in this brutal world, where there are too many people thinking only about their stomach and wearing clothes made from animals` skin

Animal rights

More than four milion animal experiments are carried out annuallu in Britain.
Two facts are fundamental to the debate about them. First: without animal experiments much medical and biological research would grind to a halt. Second someexperiments do cause suffering.

Huge areas of medical research would be impossuble if all animal experiments were bannrd. Most research on the nature of, and cures for, cancer would be impossible. Work on organ transplantation and other forms of experimental surgery wuld cease. Above all there would be no new drugs. "The last 20 years or so", says Sir William Paton, professor of pharnacology at Oxford and former chairman of the Research Defency Society, "have seen the development of polio vaccines, drugs for high blood pressure, anti-depresants, and so on. Without animal experiments we would have had none of these".

Brigid Brophy the novelist,a campaigner for total abolition of animal experiments, faces this issue squarely: "The loss that might result is a loss humanity would have to bear", she says. We would not, she points out, experiment on 10 children to find a cure for a disease that would save the lives of thousand. "if we adandoned experiments on other animals we might have to bear more losses of that kind. But I think the scientists could come up with alternatives". But how many people would accept the death of a single child if animal experiments could save it ?

The question is not, Can they reason? Nor Can they talk? But, Can they suffer? The arguments can be extremly uncomfortable: "People will always defend animal experimentation on the grounds that animals are not rational, thinking creatures. Well, neither is a severly retarded person. The same people will then say that if you were to experiment on a retarded person it would be upsetting for their families. So why shoudn't we use, for instance, a severely retared child who is also an orphan? The human model will always serve our purposes better than an animal. If you don't accept this then logically you shouldn't accept experiments on non-human animals.

Speech-animal experiments

It is claimed that Animal Experiments are necessary for the benefit of medical science and human health. However, a growing number of doctors and scientists worldwide are pointing out the fact that animal research is totally useless and damaging to human health.

Testing a drug or chemical on an animal provides no evidence that it is safe for humans. This is because of species differences: animals do not react in the same way to drugs and other substances as we do.

It is true that animal tests give results about the whole body but it is the wrong body.

Animal tests do harm to people and to animals. Though about 80% of laboratory animals are rats and mice, these creatures can suffer like any others and deserve our respect.

So why does Animal Research continue?
Because it is convenient and flexible- it can be used to prove almost anything.
Because many scientists base their entire careers on animal experiments.
Drug companies can say that they have tested their drugs before marketing them.
It is fairly cheap and simple.

It is easy to forget that this is just one method of research- there are others. They include:
- epidemiology, in which groups of people are monitored to discover the causes of disease
test- tube experiments with human tissues for the production of biological products like vaccines and antibodies.
Computer simulations of body systems for use in medical research and in teaching.

These tests have two key advantages over animal experiments there is no suffering and results are directly relevant to human medicine.

Animal testing.

Each year about five million dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, monkeys, and other animals die in lethal tests performed in the U.S. During such experiments strange substance are forced into the animals throats, or are pumped into their stomachs by a tube. Experimental medicines are injected under the skin, into a vein, abdomen, applied to the eyes of an animal or forciblly inhaled through a gas mask. Scientists observe the animal's reactions such as convulsions, laboured breathing, skin eruptions, abnormal posture, and bleeding from the eyes, nose or mouth. According to statistics, 50% of these creatures will die in this expirement 2 to 3 weeks later and those who wont die-will be killed.
The horrible fact about these incidents is that they are unneccesarry as there exist cheaper and more efficient ways to test medicines without causing animals torment.

One o them is cell and tissue cultivation. Cells are taken from humane body and cultivated to the tissue. Then medicines and chemical substances can be tested on it. As this is humane tissue there is no risk that the test will be unreliable. What is more on one piece of the tissue several experiments can be made not as on an animal when one creature is used for one experiment. The other great advantage of cultivation is fact that there is practically no possibility that tested medicine will occure toxic or side effect causing. There were a lot of accidents when medicament worked great on animal but for people was dangerous and vice versa.
The other way of experimenting is based on computer technology. Most of new drugs in fact are mixtures of old, known ones. Using sophisticated computer programes the dostors can now predict the effect such mixes can cause. What's interesting a company from US invented special programme which simulates clinical experiments on two virtual asthmatics and this helps to find more and more efficiet anti astmathic medicines.

As you can see there are many ways to avoid animal testing, so why do we allow such cruelty and suffering of animals? They are part of our world, and deserve some mercy and understaning. If there weren't any other possibilities to save peoples lives without causing death of creatures , such experiments probably would be excusable, but now in XXI th century when science is developing really quickly we should stop being inhumane cause If we don't care for animals- then who will?

Animal testing

History of medical researches begins hundreds years ago when people often called wizards were preparing mixtures to heal people. In that times nobody was criticising ways of developing drugs. Nowadays, there are millions of cosmetics, chemistry and medicine products around us. What is more, methods of testing them developed. We can check them by chemistry but to some products animals are the only way to test them.
It is fashionable to criticise modern drugs and the ways that we develop them, but we should never forget that there have been millions of lives saved by them. Testing animals was the only chance to make many vaccines. In the same way was about insulin. There are some people, who believe that insulin wasn't purified for use by testing animals. BULLSHIT! I have many proves that it is a lie. Insulin - the live saving drug for diabetics was discovered by tests on ones doctors dog!
Animal testing is required to make sure that drugs are safe before being tried on humans. I can't imagine introducing a new medicine without checking its effects on animals. Ofcourse there accidents where results of animal testing were different to human. It is not the point to stop researches. It is only one drop of milk in the ocean of coffee.
In some areas of researches humans are the only alternatives to animals. Researches would have stopped without animal testing. Nobody would like to be a tester of some new drug - it is just too dangerous. On the other hand we have to develop them - so the only thing we have are animals. It is also worth mentioned that there is a minimum of suffering in experiments, and this is because they are cared out carefully. Moreover about, all of these animals were specially bred for researches. They live to serve humans.
My opinion is that toady's world would have gone without this "different help of animals". Maybe some of researches are unnecessary. We should reduce them. Nevertheless I deeply believe that at least half of us wouldn't exist now on this planet without animal testing.

Will the advances in science and technology being made at present improve our everyday lives?

I think progress in technology and science being made at present is improving our everyday life. But I have to add that it has both advantages and disadvantages.

Definitely a very big advantage is progress being made at medicine.

Doctors work very hard and take care about our health.

Every year new medicines and vaccines are found. We can clone organs for the transplantation.

I embolden to say that our life depends on the science progress.

Also important are advances in technology.

Thanks to them we have a much better communication and transport.

We can talk with somebody many miles away, and means of transport like for example cars are becoming faster and more comfortable.

Another point of my consideration is that nowadays people have much more easier life.

We can use things like dishwashers and computers.

On the other side there are disadvantages which includes that people might become lazy when machines are doing almost everything for them.

We don't have to even do exercise because a electrical stimulation can do it for us, but I don't think that this is very healthy.

On the contradiction of benefits of cloning organs there is something that frightens me - cloning whole people.

Technology progress might also bring harm like atomic threat.

In conclusion although this advances might bring some perils I'm a follower, because I think they are improving our everyday life very successfully, but sometimes I'm afraid of that technology might veil human feelings.

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