ściąga na tłumaczenie, moczulski

types of meaning - propositional m., expressive m., presupposed m. evoked m.; semantic fields - a set of words referring to a series of conceptual fields; common problems of non equivalence: a culture specific concepts (święconka, speaker), SL concept is not lexicalized in TL (fortnight), SL word is semantically complex, SL & TL make different distinctions in meaning, TL lack of superordinate (jump-leap,spring,wault), TL lack a spec. term, diff. physical or impersonal perspective (lend/borrow, fetch/bring), diff. in expressive meaning, diff. in form (-ish, -wise), diff. in frequency & purpose of using spec. forms, use of loan words in the source txt; strategies using by trans. - by more general word, more natural/expressive w., cultural substitution, using loan word (+expl), paraphrase, omission, illustration, neologism. Jakobson's types of trans - intralingual(wewnatrzjęzykowy), interlingual (międzyjęzykowy), intersemiotic(film,obraz etc); Popovic's types of eq. - linguistic, paradigmatic, stylistic, textual; Nida's types of eq. - formal (form), dynamic/functional (content); collocation - tendency of certain w. to co-occur regularly in give lang; marked c. - unusual comb of words that makes confusion. culture specific c. - c. specific for certain culture, they have to be highly described to convey their sense; strategies in trans idioms: using i. similar in form & sense, I similar in sense not form, paraphrase, omission; examples of diff. FF - E=P diff. meaning (car, but, baton), E=P extra m. in P(golf, parasol), P~E diff. m. (carnation, lunatic), P~E extra m. in P(scene, emission), P~E extra m. in E(civil, present) P~/=E M. overlap (combatant, novel) St. Jerome - trans. Greek Spituagint, introduces sense-to-sense tran.; Martin Luter - trans. New Testament, use colloquial lang, focused on reader & TL; John Dryden introduces 3 types of trans. metaphrase(form), paraphrase(content), imitation(adaptation); F. Schleiermacher proposed creation of sub-lang. for translators only. Franciszek Skoryna - XVI - pierwszy przekład Biblii; Jan Leopolita - Katolicki przekład Biblii;