Jak nie tłumaczyć tekstów Technicznych

Common multicultural pitfalls

• Health Practices Holidays

• Luck and Supernatural Forces

• Male/Female Relations and Gender issues

• Miscellany

• Prejudice

• Time

• Body Language

• Child-Rearing Practices

• Classroom Behavior

• Clothing and Jewelry

• Colors

• Foodways

• Gifts

Verbal versus nonverbal communication

• 60 percent of all our communication is nonverbal.

• 90 percent of our emotions arc expressed nonverbally.

• humans can produce up to 700,000 different physical signs.

A simple handshake can spoil all

• Middle East: When you shake hands, a gentle grip is appropriate. Don't grip the hand firmly. A firm grip suggests aggression.

• Japan, Korea: Gentle handshake , not firm - and try to avoid direct eye contact. Staring at someone is intimidating and disrespectful.

• US and most of Europe: Firm handshake, direct eye contact. Gripping a limp hand is distasteful. Often compared to "grasping a dead fish."

Hongi - rubbing noses and sharing breath as a greeting in New Zealand (The Maori tribespeople). An attempt to rub noses with Chinese or Eskimos will mean much, much more intimacy.

Meals

• In Tonga, when a chief visited a home, the hosts served him enormous portions of food and no one else could eat until he finished. Then they ate the leftovers. Additionally, Tongans will not accept food until it is offered at least three times.

• For Javanese, too, food must be offered three times before guests can accept it. Filipinos and Koreans, as well, frequently wait until after the third invitation before accepting.

How to eat

• Muslim countries: when the food is served, no utensils are placed on the table, and the guests begin eating with their fingers - a fork or a spoon would insult others.

• People from Arabic countries, parts of Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and certain parts of the Philippines often eat with their fingers from a common platter. They expect their guests to follow suit. It would be insulting to refuse. However, guests need to be observant about the ways in which hosts carry out the maneuver, for there are
  a number of variations in style.

• Indians from northern India, for example, do not put their fingers into the food beyond the second joint of the fingers, whereas people from southern India insert their entire hand into the food.

• Regardless of where people come from or what their particular eating style may be, those who eat with their hands only use the right hand for touching food or drink. 

Offering gifts (China, Japan)

• Avoid giving umbrellas, knives, scissors, and clocks as. gifts.

• Cash gifts to the Chinese should be in even numbers and given with both hands.

• Don't expect the Chinese to open gifts in front of the donor. Don't open gifts in front of the Japanese.

• Avoid wrapping gifts for the Japanese in either black

• or white paper.

• Don't give the Japanese gifts that number four.

• Avoid giving wedding gifts, such as teacups, in even numbers because they can be divided.

Colors

Colors and graphics have strong cultural associations that should be taken into account when localizing. In some cultures green stands for evil and jealousy. It can symbolize both life and death. This doesn’t necessarily mean green can’t be used—but you should be sure it is being used in an appropriate manner. Red and gold are the colors of" prosperity and good luck in China, yet the Chinese see the color black, used extensively in U.S. packaging, as a symbol for death.

Lucky Numbers in Different Countries

• THREE is a lucky number in many countries. In China, it is good to have THREES in your phone number. People say: "Good things always come in THREES”. THREE stands for the Holy Trinity. It also stands for the beginning, the middle and the end.

• FOUR is an unlucky number in China. The Chinese word for FOUR sounds like "death". But: FOUR is a lucky number in Europe, North America and Australia. The FOUR- leaf clover is a symbol of luck.

• SEVEN is a lucky number in most cultures. But: SEVEN is an unlucky number in China. The Chinese word SEVEN sounds like gone. Numbers ending in SEVEN are unlucky in Kenya.

• NINE is lucky in China and Japan.

• THIRTEEN is an unlucky number in many countries. This is a lucky number in Islam. This number means: "In the name of Allah"

Makrokontekst

N – nadawca (sender), O – odbiorca (recipient), k – komunikat (statement) j – język (language) , W - wiedza pozajęzykowa (extra-linguistic knowledge) /(google translator)

Zadanie tłumacza

What we should to do with text?

• Globalization is the process of designing your product MI that it can be sold anywhere in the world with minor revision.

• Internationalization is the process of engineering a product so that it can be easily and efficiently localized.

• Localization is the process of customizing a product for consumers in
  a target market so, when they use it, they form the impression it was designed by a native of their country.

• Translation is the process of converting the written word of a source language into the written word of a target language. Translation is part of localization.

• Interpretation is the process of converting the spoken word of a source language into the spoken word of H target language.

What you need to know how? (google translator)

• Latin, Greek, spelling, grammar, physics, chemistry, mathematics, basic terms, abbreviations.

• Good knowledge of the original and target language.

• Good knowledge of vocabulary from the field to which the text; knowledge of the industry and commonly used jargon.

• Good knowledge of the names of companies from the field

• Preparing professional interest in the subject of translation. Experience in translation and linguistic skills.

Who are the Translators (tłumacz przysięgły)(google translator)

A sworn translator is a person of public trust and is entitled to:

• The preparation and certification of translation from a foreign language into Polish, from Polish into a foreign language, as well as for verifying and certifying translations in this regard made by other persons;

• preparing certified copies of the letters in a foreign language, check the certification of copies of letters, drawn up in a foreign language by others;

• making the interpretation (tłumaczenie ustne).