środowisko naturalne

Lista słówek i wyrażeń

English	Polski
environment protection/conservation	ochrona środowiska
environmentally friendly	przyjazny dla środowiska, ekologiczny
to protect/to conserve the environment	chronić, ochraniać środowisko
rubbish/litter/refuse	śmiecie, odpadki
a rubbish dump/tip	wysypisko śmieci
to dump/to tip rubbish	wyrzucać śmieci (=to dispose of)
a landfill (site)	wysypisko śmieci
industrial/nuclear waste	odpady przemysłowe/nuklearne
household waste	śmiecie z gospodarstw domowych
to dispose of waste	usuwać odpady (=to get rid of)
waste disposal	usuwanie odpadów
to sort out rubbish	segregować śmieci
to recycle	regenerować (surowce);
recycled products	produkty otrzymane w wyniku wtórnego przetworzenia
a recycling centre	metalowe pojemniki do segregowania śmieci
to contaminate	zanieczyszczać, skażać;
contaminated water / air etc.	skażona woda/powietrze itd.
to pollute	zanieczyszczać; pollution - zanieczyszczenie, zanieczyszczanie
rapidly growing pollution of industrial areas	gwałtownie rosnące zanieczyszczenie obszarów przemysłowych
a rapid rise/increase in the number of cars on the roads	gwałtowny wzrost liczby samochodów na drogach
the number of cars on the roads is rising/increasing considerably	liczba aut na drogach znacznie wzrasta
traffic congestion	zatory na drogach (=traffic jams)
to produce (exhaust) fumes	wytwarzać spaliny (z ruch wydechowych samochodów)
urban sprawl	rozrastanie się miasta w sposób nadmierny i/lub niekontrolowany
to release sewage into rivers	wypuszczać ścieki do rzek
a sewage treatment plant	oczyszczalnia ścieków
fossil fuels	paliwa kopalne (coal, oil, gas)
natural resources are running out	zasoby naturalne się wyczerpują
alternative sources of energy	alternatywne źródła energii (also: alternative resources)
renewable energy	energia odnawialna, pochodząca za źródeł naturalnych (wind, water, sunlight)
solar power/wind power/hydroelectric power	energia słoneczna/wiatrowa/wodna
a wind farm	elektrownia wiatrowa;
to set up wind farms	budować elektrownie wiatrowe
rainforest	las deszczowy (tropikalny);
deforestation	wycinanie lasu (=destruction of the rainforest)
acid rain	kwaśny deszcz
the greenhouse effect	efekt cieplarniany;
global warming	globalne ocieplenie
greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide	dwutlenek węgla;
methane	metan
nitrous oxide	tlenek azotu
to cause a gradual rise in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere	powodować stopniowy wzrost temperatury atmosfery ziemskiej
CFC	chlorofluorokarbon
to cause damage to the ozone layer	uszkadzać warstwę ozonową
to reduce the use of aerosols	ograniczyć używanie aerozoli
endangered species	zagrożone gatunki (zwierząt, roślin)
extinct (species)	wymarły (gatunek biologiczny)
threatened with extinction	zagrożony wyginięciem
habitat	naturalne środowisko (w którym żyje dany gatunek zwierzęcia lub rośliny)
a wildlife sanctuary	rezerwat przyrody (=nature reserve)
to preserve (protect) wildlife	ochraniać przyrodę
to affect sth.	mieć wpływ na coś;
affected	dotknięty (czymś), znajdujący się pod oddziaływaniem (czegoś)
to have a harmful influence/effect on	wywierać szkodliwy wpływ na
to upset ecological balance	zaburzać równowagę ekologiczną
steps must be taken to prevent environmental doom	należy podjąć kroki, aby uniknąć zagłady środowiska
possible solutions to the problem might lie in	możliwe rozwiązania tego problemu mogą polegać na
enforcing the law	egzekwowanie prawa, domaganie się przestrzegania prawa
increasing environmental awareness	uświadamnianie (problemów, zagrożeń itd.) środowiska
introducing stricter laws and harsher punishments	wprowadzanie surowszych przepisów i ostrzejszych kar
reducing the emissions of gases into the atmosphere	zmiejszenie ilości gazów wypuszczanych do atmosfery
increasing the number of car-free zones in centres of towns	tworzenie stref wolnych of ruchu w centrach miast
using bicycles instead of cars	korzystanie z rowerów zamiast z zamochodów
harnassing alternative sources of energy	wykorzystywanie alternatywnych źródeł energii

2. TEST

In each of the following gaps write one word. The number of dashes corresponds to the number of letters in the word. Do not change any of the letters that have been given.

1. We aim to increase the public awareness of the need for c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t _ _ _ of the environment.

2. On Wednesday we are going to clear the beach of l _ _ _ _ r .

3. They d _ _ p _ _ a load of rubbish in the river.

4. We live in a street off Soho Road and there's _ _ _ _ _ sh tipped everywhere.

5. The cost of tipping rubbish in l _ _ d _ _ _ _ s is enormous.

6. … the problem of safe d _ _ _ _ _ _ l of radioactive waste from power stations.

7. Tthe cost of disposing of refuse in landfill s _ _ _ s is enormous.

8. When will the Parliament pass a law that will regulate the d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of w _ _ _ _ ?

9. These chemicals c _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ water and poison animals.

10. Many had died from _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d water.

11. Heavy industry p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our rivers with noxious chemicals.

12. The level of pollution in the river is r _ s _ _ _ g considerably.

13. All glass bottles which can't be refilled can be r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

14. Recycling also helps control environmental pollution by reducing the need for waste d _ _ _ s .

15. Will there be any changes in the climate due to pollution of the atmosphere by i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l waste?

16. It is estimated that by 2050 the number of cars on Polish roads will have i _ _ _ _ _ s _ _ by 50 %.

17. The problems of traffic c _ _ g _ _ _ _ _ _ will not disappear in a hurry.

18. The whole urban s _ _ _ _ _ of Ankara contains over 2.6 m people.

19. A number of beaches in the region have been polluted by s _ _ _ g _ pumped into the Irish Sea.

20. The government has made it a priority to increase the t _ _ _ _ m _ _ t of sewage.

21. F _ _ _ _ _ fuel is fuel such as coal, or oil that is formed from the decayed remains of plants or animals.

22. A country's r _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ are the things that it has and can use to increase its wealth.

23. Solar power is obtained from the sun's light and h _ _ _ .

24. The greenhouse effect is the problem caused by increased quantities of gases such as c _ _ _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ in the air. These gases trap the heat from the sun, and cause a g _ _ _ _ _ _ rise in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere.

25. Acid rain is rain polluted by acid that has been r _ _ _ _ s _d into the atmosphere from factories and other industrial processes.

26. There is worldwide concern about the destruction of the Amazon r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

27. The ozone layer is the part of the Earth' s atmosphere that has the most ozone in it. The ozone layer protects living things from the h _ _ _ _ _ _ radiation of the sun.

28. 400, 000 square kilometers of the Amazon basis have already been d _ _ _ _ _ _ ted.

29. CFCs are gases that are used in things such as aerosols and refrigerators and can cause d _ _ _ _ _ to the ozone layer.

30. Acid rain forms when gases produced by burning coal and oil are d _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ in the atmosphere.

31. The h _ _ _ _ _ _ of an animal or plant is the natural environment in which it normally lives or grows.

32. Pandas are an e _ _ _ _ g _ _ _ _ species.

33. Many species have been shot to the verge of _ x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n .

34. It is 250 years since the wolf became e _ _ _ _ _ _ in Britain

35. A place where animals or birds are protected and allowed to live freely is called a s _ _ _ _ _ _ r _ .

36. Radical steps must be taken to p _ _ _ _ _ t environmental doom.

3. TIME TO TALK!

1. Explain how these problems affect our lives: lack of resources and energy crisis, greenhouse effect, deforestation, endangered species, overpopulation.
How is energy produced?
What sources of energy other than fossil fuels can be used?
What parts of the environment are being polluted?
What is global warming caused by?
Why do species of plants and animals die out? Who is responsible for this? etc.
2. What can be done to prevent our environment from complete devastation?

---