związek |
wiązanie / grupa |
drganie |
liczba falowa |
int. |
alkany |
CH3 |
as sym δas δsym |
2970-2950 2880-2860 1460-1440 1385-1365 |
w w m m |
|
CH2 |
as sym δ |
2935-2955 2860-2840 1475-1455 |
w w m |
|
=CH |
δ |
3000-2880 1350-1330 |
vw w |
|
CH(CH3)2 |
δsym ? |
~1385,~1370 ~1170 |
m,m ? |
|
C(CH3)3 |
δsym |
~1395,~1360 |
w,m |
cykloalkany |
|
|
|
|
alkeny |
RCH=CH2 |
CH
C=C δCH
γCH |
3095-3075 3030-3010 1648-1638 1420-1400 1300-1290 995-985 915-905 |
m m m s v s s |
|
R2C=CH2 |
CH C=C δCH γCH |
3095-3075 1665-1645 1420-1400 895-885 |
m m s s |
|
cis RCH=CHR |
CH C=C δCH γCH |
3030-3010 ~1660 1420-1400 730-670 |
m w m m |
|
trans RCH=CHR |
CH C=C δCH γCH |
3030-3010 1675-1665 1310-1290 990-960 |
m vw v s |
|
R2C=CHR |
CH C=C δCH γCH |
3030-3010 ~1670 1350-1340 840-790 |
vw w w m |
|
ArC=C |
C=C |
1630-1620 |
m |
alkiny |
RCCH |
CH CC γCH |
3330-3270 2140-2100 700-600 |
s v s |
|
RCCR |
CC |
2260-2190 |
w |
aromaty |
C=C |
1 2 3 4 |
1630-1580 1600-1560 1520-1475 1470-1420 |
m-s w s m-s |
|
CH |
δ ? γ (benzen) γ (mono)
γ (orto) γ (meta)
γ (para) γ (1,2,3)
γ (1,2,4)
γ (1,3,5) |
3100-3000 1100-1000 ? 670 770-730 (710-690) 770-730 810-750 (725-680) 860-800 810-750 (780-760) (745-705) 885-870 (820-805) 865-810 (730-675) |
m-w ? s s s s s s s s s s s s s s |
chlorowco-pochodne
X = Cl, Br, I |
CF |
|
1400-1100 |
vs |
|
CCl |
|
800-600 |
s |
|
CBr |
|
700-500 |
s |
|
CI |
|
600-500 |
s |
|
XC=C |
C=C |
1620-1580 |
|
|
RCH2X |
δCH2 |
1450-1400 |
m |
|
RCH2Cl |
CH2 |
1300-1240 |
s |
|
RCH2Br |
CH2 |
~1230 |
s |
|
RCH2I |
CH2 |
~1170 |
s |
alkohole |
OH…O |
OH (między) OH (wewn.) |
3400-3200 3200-2500 |
vs,br v,br |
|
RCH2OH (1°) |
OH CO |
~3640 1075-1050 |
s vs |
|
R2CHOH (2°) |
OH CO |
~3630 1125-1090 |
s vs |
|
R3COH (3°) |
OH CO |
~3620 1210-1120 |
s vs |
|
fenole (ArOH) |
OH…O OH CO |
3300-3200 3610-3595 1260-1180 |
vs s vs |
etery |
ROR |
as CO |
1150-1070 |
vs |
|
ROC(CH3)3 |
as CO |
~1200 ~1100 |
vs vs |
|
ROC=C |
as CO |
1225-1220 |
vs |
|
ROAr |
as CO |
1300-1210 1030-1010 |
vs vs |
|
ArOAr |
as CO |
~1240 |
vs |
aminy |
RNH2 |
as NH sym NH δNH2 NH2
NH2 |
3550-3350 3450-3300 1650-1590 \ 850-750 / |
m m m-s
s,br |
|
RCH2NH2 |
CN |
1090-1070 |
m |
|
R2CHNH2 |
CN |
1150-1080 |
s |
|
R2NH |
NH δNH NH |
3500-3300 1580-1490 750-700 |
m w s,br |
|
(RCH2)2NH |
CN |
1145-1130 |
m |
|
RNHCH3 |
sym CH3 |
2805-2780 |
|
|
RN(CH3)2 |
sym CH3 |
2825-2810 2775-2765 |
|
|
ArNH2 |
as NH sym NH CN |
3500-3400 3400-3300 1350-1260 |
s s s |
|
ArNHR |
CN |
3500-3300 1340-1320 |
s s |
|
ArNHCH3 |
sym CH3 |
2820-2810 |
|
|
ArNR2 |
CN |
1380-1310 |
s |
|
ArN(CH3)2 |
sym CH3 |
2810-2710 |
|
|
NCH2 |
sym CH2 |
2820-2760 |
|
aldehydy |
RCHO |
C=O |
1740-1720 |
vs |
|
C=CCHO |
C=O |
1700-1680 |
vs |
|
ArCHO |
C=O |
1710-1690 |
vs |
|
COH |
CH 2ρCH ρCH |
2830-2810 2720-2700 1410-1380 |
m m m |
|
CH2CHO |
δCH |
1440-1405 |
m |
|
CH3CHO |
δasCH δsymCH |
1440-1405 1375-1350 |
m m |
ketony |
RCOR |
C=O |
1725-1705 |
vs |
|
RCOC=C |
C=O |
1700-1670 |
vs |
|
ArCOR |
C=O |
1700-1680 |
vs |
|
ArCOAr |
C=O |
1670-1660 |
vs |
|
RCOCHCl |
C=O |
~1745 ~1725 |
vs vs |
kwasy karboksylowe |
OH |
δ γ |
3200-2500 1440-1395 950-880 |
m,vbr m m,br |
|
CO |
CO |
1300-1210 |
s |
|
RCOOH |
C=O |
1725-1700 |
vs |
|
RCH(Cl)COOH |
C=O |
1740-1720 |
vs |
|
C=CCOOH |
C=O |
1715-1690 |
vs |
|
ArCOOH |
C=O |
1700-1680 |
vs |
estry |
HCOOR |
C=O as CO |
1725-1720 1200-1180 |
vs vs |
|
CH3COOR |
C=O as CO |
1750-1735 1250-1230 |
vs vs |
|
RCOOCH2R |
C=O as CO sym CO |
1750-1735 1200-1160 1060-1030 |
vs vs s |
|
RCOOCR2 (R3) |
C=O as CO sym CO |
1750-1735 1200-1160 1160-1100 |
vs vs s |
|
RCOOC=C |
C=O as CO |
1770-1760 1210-1150 |
vs vs |
|
RCOOAr |
C=O as CO |
~1770 1210-1200 |
vs vs |
|
C=CCOOR |
C=O as CO sym CO |
1740-1715 1300-1200 1180-1130 |
vs vs s |
|
ArCOOR |
C=O as CO sym CO |
~1720 1300-1250 1150-1100 |
vs vs s |
|
ArCOOAr |
C=O as CO |
~1750 1250-1220 (?) |
vs vs |
bezwodniki |
|
|
|
|
chlorki kwasowe |
RCOCl |
C=O |
1810-1795 |
vs |
|
ArCOCl |
C=O |
1785-1765 |
vs |
|
szkielet |
2CC CC |
1750-1735 890-850 |
s s |
amidy |
RCONH2 |
as NH2 sym NH2 C=O (I) δ (II) |
3550-3350 3400-3200 1690-1650 1630-1600 |
s s vs s |
|
RCONHR' |
N-H C=O (I) δ (II) CN (III) |
3300 1670-1630 1570-1530 ~1250 |
s vs vs s |
|
RCONR'R” |
C=O (I) |
1680-1630 |
vs |
nitryle |
RCN |
CN |
2260-2240 |
m-w |
|
C=CCN |
CN |
2240-2215 |
s-m |
|
ArCN |
CN |
2240-2220 |
s |
związki nitrowe |
RNO2 |
as NO sym NO CN |
1556-1545 1390-1355 920-830 |
vs vs s |
|
C=CNO2 |
as NO sym NO |
1550-1500 1360-1290 |
vs vs |
|
ArNO2 |
as NO sym NO CN |
1530-1500 1370-1330 850-750 |
vs vs s |
indeksy intensywności pasm:
vs - bardzo silne (very strong)
s - silne (strong)
s-m - silne/średnie (strong/medium)
m - średie (medium)
m-w - średnie/słabe (medium/weak)
w - słabe (weak)
vw - bardzo słabe (very weak)
v - rozmaite, zmienne (various)
br - szerokie (broad)
drgania rozciągające: - ew. asymetryczne (as) i symetryczne (sym)
drgania zginające (deformacyjne): δ, , γ, , ρ