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Heavy Elements in Soils

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TABLE 9.4 Mean Levels of Heavy Elements in Rocks and Soil (in jig g*¹)

Element	Basic* rocks (basalt)	Acidie* rocks (granite)	Sedimentary rocks	Crustal abund- ance	Rangę in	soil Approx. mean in soil
As	1.5	1.5	7.7	1.5	0.1^0	6
Bi	0.031	0.065	0.4	0.048	0.1^0.4	0.2
Cd	0.13	0.09	0.17	0.11	0.01-2	0.35
Hg	0.012	0.08	0.19	0.05	0.01-0.5	0.06
In	0.058	0.04	0.044	0.049	0.2-0.5	0.2
Pb	3	24	19	14	2-300	19
Sb	0.2	0.2	1.2	0.2	0.2-10	1
Se	0.05	0.05	0.42	0.05	0.01-1.2	0.4
Te			<0.1	0.005
Tl	0.08	1.1	0.95	0.6	0.1-0.8	0.2

* Igneous rocks. Sources; references 2,6,14,32,51,54,90.

TABLE 9.5 Sources of Elements that may Contaminate Soils

Source

Particular elements

Pnmary sources

Fertilizers (e.g. phosphates

Limę

Pesticides

Sewagesludge

Irrigation

Manure

Secondary sources Automobile aerosols Smelters

Refuse incinerators Mining areas Tyre wear Paint (weathered)

Marinę

Rubbish disposal Long rangę aerosol Coal combustion Chloroalkali celi

Cd, Pb, As As, Pb Pb, As, Hg Cd, Pb, As Cd, Pb, Se As, Se

Pb

Pb, Cd, Sb, As, Se, In, Hg Pb, Cd

Pb, Cd, As, Hg Cd

Pb, Cd Se

Pb, Cd, As, +

Pb, As, Cd, Se As, Se, Sb, Pb Hg