angielski4

Unit 2 Present Perfect

Explanations

Recent events

Present perfect simple

The present perfect simple is used to describe recent events without a definite time. The idea of time or place in the speakers mind makes the event recent. A time expression may emphasise recentness.

Fve left my shopping bag behind.

I’veju$t broken my watch.

We can also describe events that have not happened.

Ihaven’tfoundberphone numberyet.

The event may be connected with the present, because the result of the event is present. No definite time is given for the event.

Fve broken my arm, asy oh can see.

Indefinite events

1    Present perfect simple

No definite time is given for the event.

Fve been to France tbree times.

2    Compared with past simple

Events described using the past simple have definite times.

I went to France lastyear.

The tense used can depend on the time expression.

This is thefirst time I have eaten Japanese food.

3    Definite Places

If we think of a definite place for an event, this may suggest a definite time.

/ left my shopping bag on the train.

Extended or repeated events

1    Present perfect simple

With verbs that describe States, the present perfect simple describes a State which lasts up to the present.

Fve lived in this house for five years.

2    Present perfect continuous

The present perfect continuous can also describe a State which lasts up to the present moment.

Fve been living in this house for five years.

There is little difference of meaning between simple and continuous in this case, or with FIow long questions. The verbs sit, lie, wait, stay prefer the present perfect continuous.

How long haveyou been waiting?

Unit 2 Present Perfect

3 Present perfect simple

The present perfect simple can describe a habitual action in a period of time up to the present moment.

For, sińce, ago

Contrasts between simple and continuous

I’ve never worn a tie to work, andl ref use to start nowi See Unit 14 for contrasts between these time expressions.

1    Notcompleted

Use of the present perfect continuous can suggest that an action is not completed, or has recently finished.

We’ve been walkingfor bours! Let’s have a rest.

Fve been digging the garden. That‘s why Vm so dirtyl

2    Completed

Use of the present perfect simple can show that an action is complete. Giving the number of actions suggests completion.

Vve wńtten ten pages of my homework assignment!

Activities

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Choose a suitable caption for each picture.

(T) Did you enjoy the match?

2) Have you enjoyed the match?

2) What have you done?

2) He has been married six times.

1) How long have you been here? C2)^yHow long are you here for?

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