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The Basques, the Franco Years and Beyond

Autorzy Robert P. Clark guardia civil ETA Wyszukaj

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regarded as a lunatic.

However, as events unfolded in Spain, ETA was not allowed the luxury of anonymity or of advocating revolution in writing while pursuing peaceful change in practice. Twice in 1960, in March and again in August, raids on EGI cells pro-duced information that brought ETA and its activities to the attention of the Spanish government. The violence of the suppression of the fledgling organization drove the group further underground and hardened its leaders. It also pushed ETA closer and closer to an ideology of revolutionary violence.

On July 18, 1961, ETA attempted to carry out its first act of sabotage. A number of trains were en route to San Sebastian on that datę, carrying large numbers of Franco supporters to festivals to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the military up-rising that began the Civil War. ETA's plan was to derail the trains without harming any of the passengers. Their plans were laid so delicately that nonę of the trains left the track. The Spanish government reaction was fierce: morę than 100 were arrested and tortured; about 30 of these were taken to the infamous Carabanchel prison in Madrid for morę interrogation and torturę. Most of those arrested were either sent into exile

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The Basques, the Franco Years and Beyond

Autorzy Robert P. Clark guardia civil ETA Wyszukaj

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ZDOBĄDŹ EGZEMPLARZ KSIĄŻKI

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trains without harming any of the passengers. Their plans were laid so delicately that nonę of the trains left the track. The Spanish government reaction was fierce: morę than 100 were arrested and tortured; about 30 of these were taken to the infamous Carabanchel prison in Madrid for morę interrogation and torturę. Most of those arrested were either sent into exile or sentenced to jail terms of fifteen to twenty years. ETA's leaders now moved morę swiftly toward their eventual com-mitment to revolution. From their exile in 1962, the group's major founders issued a statement redefining ETA as "a clan-destine revolutionary organization with three fronts: cultural, political and military/'

ETA's first generał meeting, called the Pńmera Asamblea, or (in Euskera) Biltzar Nagusia, was held in May 1962. Now, the

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