P050310 510001

11. Time influance

■    Creep (pełzanie) - the time increase of permanent strains. In the elements working in normal or Iow temperaturę the phenomenon can be omitted. Clearly this phenomenon can be observed in the temperatures over 300 °C, over 800 °C the phenomenon can be very quick.

■    Relaxation (relaksacja) - the phenomenon is based on decrease of stresses in the elements with enforce strains constant in time. The phenomenon is evident in the high temperaturę and high stress conditions. En. Example is prestressed bolt connection working in high temperaturę.