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S. Źróbek, R. Cellmer, J. Kuryj

2. An analysis of factors affecting the spatial differentiation of land value in urban areas

This study contains an analysis of the factors affecting the spatial differentiation of prices and value of undeveloped land real estates intended for residential building. The study deals with the local market within the boundaries of the city of Olsztyn. The source information for the study was obtained from ąuestionnaires, a study of conditions and di-rections of land management of the city of Olsztyn, the official map and a site visit:

The spatial arrangement of the city of Olsztyn is complex, which is a result of the natu-ral conditions (numerous lakes and forest areas), as well as of historical factors. The central part of the city is surrounded by residential districts of blocks of flats, typical of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as residential districts of detached houses. The urban area is divided into sectors, which were created in the process of planning. The complexity of the space may have caused the differentiation in the demand for land real estates intended for residential construction.

It is not easy to obtain information from people who intend to purchase a real estate property and, for this reason, the opinions of experts (represented by real estate agents from Olsztyn) were used. The study was based on the ąuestionnaires prepared at the Chair of Real Estate Management and Regional Development of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, which were filled in by 19 agents with at least 2 years of work experi-ence (of the nearly 30 agents in Olsztyn).

The ąuestions in the ąuestionnaire dealt with the following issues:

—    characteristics of real estates purchasers and sellers,

—    preferences of purchasers and characteristic features of real estates,

—    information about the transactions madę at a real estate agent's office,

—    describing the profile of a real estate agent.

The research aimed at identifying the factors which affect the attractiveness of various parts of the city, which may be the basis for identifying the causes of differences between transaction prices and, in effect, of different values of real estates within the city boundaries. The data obtained from ąuestionnaires showed that when the location of a real estate property is being chosen, it is not only the particular property that is important, its physical features and other ąualities, but the image of various districts, shaped by their history, resi-dents' economic status, safety, etc. The analyses conducted to datę were often restricted to a generał evaluation based on the agent's knowledge of the residents' opinions; such evalua-tions were not always supported with sufficient substantial evidence.

A common set of factors was established which can be used to characterise particular districts. To each of these factors a mark of 1 to 5 scalę was then attributed, depending on the effect on the location's attractiveness, with "1" meaning an adverse effect on the district image, whereas "5" indicating a very positive effect of the given factor on the district image.

Analysed features should significantly affect the transaction prices of real estates in the districts in ąuestion. In order to verify this assumption, the degree of variability of transaction prices was established. The population density in a given district was adopted as an ad-ditional variable. Assuming the whole variability of prices as 100%, the analysis of correla-