1

FIGURĘ 20.13 Paralogous and Orthologous Sequences

In this example, an ancestral gene duplicałed and diverged into genes A and B, which by definiłion are paralogs. These two genes were bołh present when the ancestral species diverged into species 1 and species 2. Tbus both species 1 and species 2 have genes for A and B (referred to as Al & BI and A2 & B2 respedively). Eoch soch pair are still paralogs. However, sińce species 1 and 2 are now two separate species, the Al and A2 genes are orthologs, and the B1 and B2 genes are also orthologs.

Paralogs

ł

Orthologs

J i

Al A2

Orthologs

BI B2

in ancestral species

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