stronac (3)

6 Reference

Past Simple

Use the Past Simple to talk about actions and situations in the past. The actions and situations are finished.

My hair was red when I was a girl, but it’s grey now.

to be
O	l/He/She/lt was	We/You/They were
e	l/He/She/lt wasn’ t (was not)	We/You/They weren* t (were not)
	Was l/he/she/it?	Were we/you/they?
	Yes, l/he/she/it was. No, l/he/she/it wasn’t.	Yes, we/youAhey were. No, we/you/they weren’ t.

She was tired last night.

They weren’t at the cinema yesterday.

Was Karin at the Office on Monday?No, she wasn’t. Were the musicians good? Yes, they were.

Regular verbs: positive

Make the Past Simple of most regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb.

work -> worked, watch -> watched, listen -> listened Notę the spelling rules:

•    add -d to verbs that end in -e, live -> lived, change -> changed

•    with verbs that end in consonant + -y, remove -y and add -ied, study -> studied, carry -> carried. (If the verb ends in vowel + -y, add -ed, stay -> stayed.)

•    with verbs of one syllable that end in vowel + consonant, repeat the consonant and add -ed,

plan -> planned, jog -> jogged

Negative

Did + not + infinitive

Ancient people did not use compasses.

In informal English, we use the contracted form didn’t.

People didn’t know their exact location.

Questions Wh- questions

Wh-word + did + subject pronoun + infinitive

When did you fmish work yesterday?

Yes/no questions

Did + subject pronoun + infinitive

Short answers

Yes, i/he/she/it/we/you/they did.

No, 1/he/she/it/we/youAhey didn’t.

Did you study at university? Yes, I did.

Prepositions of place

We use prepositions to show relationships of place. The prepositions in, on, under, in front of, behind, between and next to show elear location.

The books are in the cupboard. The picture is on the cupboard. The bin is under the desk. The chair is in front of the desk. The map is behind the desk. The desk is next to the cupboard. The plant is between the cupboard and the desk.

The preposition at can mean in or near.

I’m at the phone shop. (= in/in front of)

I’mat the door. (= next to/in front of)

We also use at with a very generał meaning.

I’m at home. Are you at work?

- .

Key vocabulary Places in a town

art gallery department storę pharmacy bank factory phone shop bar police station bookshop hospital post Office bridge Internet cafe restaurant bus station library school cafe museum square cashpoint newsagenfs supermarket church Office train station tram cinema park

Forms of transport

bicycle boat bus car motorbike ship taxi train tram waterbus

V_J

63