w25

1294

1294

1295

1296

1300

1302

1303

1304

1305

1308

1309

1309-10

1310

1311

Boniface VIII becomes Pope (1294—1303) and aitempts to impose Papai hegemony upon Italy; reorganisation of Yenetian militias.

Ottone Visconti becomes Archbishop and eflective ruler of Milan; Yisconti family eventually become signori of Milan. Open quarrel between France and Papacy.

King Charles of Naples orders forcible conversion of Muslim community in Lucera.

War between Angevins and Aragonese concludes with recognition of Angevin rule on the mainland, and Aragonese rule in Sicily.

Emperor accepts principle tliat the Pope is superior to the Emperor; French and Italian supporters kidnap Pope at Anagni.

Regulations governing contado infantry incorporated into the constitution of Siena; reorganisation of the militia in Padua.

Catalan mercenaries arrive in Italy.

Henn- VII (Gh) becomes Emperor (1308-13) but fails in attempts to unitę Italy by force.

Start of the ‘Babylonish Captivity’ when Pope Clement V transfers Papacy from Ronie to Acignon.

Crusade preached against \ enice.

Cotmcil ofTen oligarchy appointed in \ enice.

Visconti (Gh) signońa confirms its domination of Milan and steadily increases the size of the Nlilanese state; alliance of Guelf cities formed to resist Emperor Henry VII.

Robert of Anjoti (Gu), King of Naples (1309-43), begins unsuc-cessful attempt to unitę Italy by force.

Lucca, under Castruccio Castracani, dominates western Tuscany.

Rioting by Sienese militia.

Crusade launched against Ferrara (Gh), Milan (Gh) and Ghibelline sympathisers in Spoleto and the Marches; extended to include Mantua (Gh) in 1324.

Bologna defeated by Modena at Zappollino; Florentine militia defeated by Lucca at Altopascio.

War between Angevins of Naples and Aragonese of Sicily.

Unsuccessful invasions of Italy by German Emperor Ludwig IV.

New laws clrawn up in Florence con-cerning hire of mercenaries.

Venice annexes Treviso and begins its domination of the neighbouring mainland.

Carved panels from the mausoleum of Bishop Guido Tarlati by Agostino di Giovanni and Agnolo di Ventura, 1327-30. BELOW The siege of Laterina with militia destroying the walls. BOTTOM The siege of Chiusi, with a crossbowman spanning his weapon on the far left, and next to him a pavesare with his large rectangular shield. Notę the wooden field-fortification on the hill. (In situ, Arezzo Cathedral; photographs Dr. Maria Donati)

1313

1316-28

1318

1321

1325

1325- 26

1326- 28

1337

1339