50802 kryzys bułgarski (8)

CHAPTER«

An 4 Austria-Hung-m will ase hcr influence with thc other European Cabinets to wcood thc interests of Serbia. Without a previous understanditig with Austria-Hangary. Scrbu wił! nothcr negotiarc nor eonehide any political roraty with another GoYemmem. and will not admit to hor tcrritors a foreign amied fotce, reguiar or ir-regułar. om ts wluntccrs....

Art 7 U. as a result ot a combination of circumstanees wiiose dcvelopment is not to be fonaseen at prescnt. Serbia wcnr in a posidon to make territorial acąuisitions in thc dinreoon of hcr southem trontiers (with the exception of the Sanjak of Noihuafk Austria-Hungan will not oppose hersclt theitto, and will use her influence with the other Bowers for thc purposc of winning them ovcr to an attitude farourahle to Serbia.

—Murst 2.-601-2: Pribram. 1:50-55

Austro-Serb Declaration. 13 25 Octóber 1881

Articie 4 cannot impair the ńght of Serbia to negotiate and to conclude trraties, eren of a political naturę, with another Govemment. It impLLes for Serbia no other engagement than that of not negonating and of not conduding any political roraty which would be eon tran to the spirit and thc tenor of the said secret Treary....

—Pribram. 1:60-61

9.16

THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE, 22 MAY 1882

The Treaty ot Bardo ot May 1881^J* established a French protectorate in Tunis—an area geographically cłose to Italy home to a łarge number or Italian residents, and hitherto trib-utary to the Ottoman Empire. The French move on Tunis created an immediate backlash in Italy and propełled the government of Agostino Depretis to seek closer ties to the Dual Alliance. )ust as the formation ot the Gladstone government in 1880 had inadvertentły assisted Bismarck in forging the Three Emperocs' League one year later. so the French bid for Tunis nowi played midwife to the Triple Alliance of Italy. Austria-Hungary. and Germany of 1882

The Italian initiative was wełcome to Bismarck tor a variety of reasons. First, the AustrcH Italian component of the alliance would boister Austria by making unlikely an Italian attaefc against Austria s rear in the event of a Bałkan crisis at the ver> least, the agreement could be used to hołd the Italian gov-ernment accountable for any anti-Austnan outbursts by the irre-dentist lobby. Second a defensive alliance between Germany and Italy would reiard any French desire for a war of resanche against Germany, as France would have to divert some of <ts tort es to guard its Alpine border with Italy. Third, the Triple Alliance would lend Germany tęver$ge ipitsdeaiings with Russta, lor Germany might now be able to neutralize or even dea liver the Italian vote, along with its own and that of Austria, in International questions wi which Russia had a stake.

'Text i Hurew iU. IA41-42 SP. 72247, Hertslet M. 3 1187-90.

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L,. Art. 2: In case Italy, without direct provocation on hcr part, should be artacked f France tor any reason whatsoerer, the two other Contracting Parties stuli be bound lend help and assistance with all their fonces to the Paro attacked. Thi> same oblis tion shall devolve upon Italy in case of" any aggrcssion without direct pnwocation 1 France against Germany.

Art. 3: If one. or two, of the High Contracting Parties. without direct pnwocatk on their part. should chance to be attacked and to be engaged in a war with rwo . morę Great Powers nonsignatory to the present Tneary. the casusJbederis will ansę multaneously for all the High Contracting Parties.

Art. 4: In case a Great Power nonsignatory' to the present Thrarr should threatt thc security of the States of one of the High Contntcting Parties. and the threarcm Party should ftnd itself fbrced on that account to make w ar against if. the rwo oche bind themsclves to obsene towards their Alty a benevulent neutrahn Fach of the icserres to itself. in tliis case, the right to take part in the war. if it should see tir. make comrnon cause with its Alty. . . .

Art. 6:The High Contracting Parties mutualh pronuse secrecy as to the conten and existence of the present Theaty.

[Additional Declaration by Italy. 22 May 1882 } The Royal Italian tuwrmment d dares that the prorisions of the secret Theaty conduded on 20 May IS82 betwrt luty. Austria-Hungary. and Germany, cannot, as has been prerioush agreed, in any ca be reganied as bcing dSrected against England.

—Hurst 2<>n-1.5fA*bra.m    *»>-

S.17 TREATY BETWEEN AUSTRIA-HUNGAR> AND ROMANIA.

30 OCTOBER 1883

SjMemories of the manner in which the Russian arrm had bayed acnoss Romani*n temh) ekiring the Russo-Turkish war of >877 agam exefCised the imagmafion ot Roroaman pd :,c a 5»x years later. Romania s renewed concem was Uiggered hv the knowledge that the rappe jbetween the new prince ot Bułgaria Meander of Battenberg (Document 9.2J) and his er while Russian sponsoes had btoken down so completoh that the dispatch ot a Russ a * a m Bułgaria—to chastise Batteoberg and to reestablish Russian influence in that cowntrw seemed entirely possible. Its route would have been the same as m 18 * ~ Thts qua/\1a/> * Romania to conclude a detemise alliance with Austria- an instrument that at the ver\ ea jpve Romania sonie le\ erage in the e\ent that Russia demanded passage through h pGermany acceded instantly; ltal> associałed itself with the alliance m the hesclas of tt HMediterranean entente (Document 9 30! in May 1888.

It is intriguing to contrast the Austro-Romanian treaty with the ■CoUio Nem nwew ot 1881 (Document 9 I51. Unlike che treaty with Serbia the Romaman alliance <a'«$ net *fxh«

•n anti-imedentist clause >uch as h* evampl<? a ptomise bv the R,v<vi »an gw\e(?v'XMf to '

Sr Romanian rmedentists coveting Transylv anta But the Austn>Roma»;an ałita.se rest-i

“Th* treaty's esistence. but not its trimt

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