39845 TRANSLACJA BRENDA (51)

Anna Mahmud, FA, Year 2, Group 2

Mgr Maria Brenda

Translation

FORENSIC SCIENCE TECHNIQUES

Criminalistics is a branch of science dealing with evidences found at the crime scene. Its main aims are:    recognition, collection, identification, indiyidualization and

interpretation. Many cases would still be unsolved if not laboratory technicians’ careful work But to reveał the truth and find out who committed the crime we need special techniąues which enable us to see what seems to be invisible. I would like to present and focus on some most popular ones.

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One of the most important issues is to preserve DNA samples. Usually, DNA is obtained

from blood, saliva, or epidermis found under victim’s nails. However, it is also possible

to find DNA on everything that comes into contact with ł|uman body. During the

examination, the DNA is split when it’s heated and the double helix is splitting into two

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halves. The elongation occurs, which means that DNA strands get longer. When the

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DNA is cooled, a set of hydrogen bonds is formed to repair the two halves. After the whole process, the DNA can be put into database that helps identify criminals. I

Another crucial thing to remember is to collect all fingerprints. In some cases they are the only evidences which can help capture a pefpetrator. They are very reliable because

the chance of any two individuals sharing the same fingerprints is one in sixty four

billion. The techniąue dealing with collecting and comparing fingerprints is called dactyloscopy. It consists in brushmg over the prints with magnesium or aluminum

powder and then removing its excess. The rest of the powder sticks to the fingerprint which is then preserved with special transparent tape.

When the corpse is examined it is sometimes hard to determine the cause of death.

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There are no traces of beating or suffocation on the body, but something wrong must have happened. In such case pathologist takesj^am^lesĄom blood or sto!^c^ coSfeits. The study of the poisoning of is called toxic$ogy^?t^Lhandles with detection and

identification Chemicals in the body. Chemicals can be divided into two groups: toxins