5600235254

5600235254



S The header address also describes the sequence for reassembly at the destination Computer so that the packets are put back into the correct order.

S One packet also contains details of how many packets should be arriving so that the recipient Computer knows if one packet has failed to tum up.

S If a packet fails to arrive, the recipient Computer sends a message back to the Computer which originally sent the data, asking for the missing packet to be resent.

•S These packets are sent out from the Computer and they travel around the network seeking out the most efficient route to travel as circuits become available.

S This does not necessarily mean that they seek out the shortest route - each packet may go a different route from the others.

Advantages S Security

•S Bandwidth used to fuli potential S Devices of different speeds can communicate S Not affected by linę failure (redirects signal)

S Availability - no waiting for a direct connection to become available

S During a crisis or disaster, when the public telephone network might stop working, e-mails and texts can still be sent via packet switching Disadvantages

S Under heavy use there can be a delay S Data packets can get lost or become corrupted •S Protocols are needed for a reliable transfer

Not so good for some types data streams (e.g. real-time video streams can lose frames due to the way packets arrive out of sequence)

Warstwowy model protokołu sieciowego

W teorii sieci komputerowych bardzo ważne miejsce zajmuje tzw. warstwowy model sieci. Najczęściej opisuje się go korzystając z - mającej raczej teoretyczne znaczenie - architektury ISO-OSI, która wyróżnia 7 warstw. Warstwy są to oddzielne części oprogramowania sieciowego (realizującego funkcje komunikacyjne, organizującego sieć). Jedna warstwa odpowiada za pewną część funkcji i "kompetencji". Dostarcza usług warstwie wyższej i korzysta z usług warstwy niższej. Taki modułowy podział oprogramowania sprzyja większej elastyczności konkretnych rozwiązań. Łatwiej jest wymienić jeden moduł niż konstruować od początku całe oprogramowanie sieci.

Porównanie modelu ISO/OSI i modelu TCP/IP

Niektóre protokoły




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