Przykłady modelowania relacji społeczno-ekonomicznych, cz. 2

Poniższe zbiory danych (zob. otwórz dane/pliki z przykładami, dołączone do programu
Gretl) zostaną wykorzystane w przedstawieniu przykładów modelowania relacji
społeczno-ekonomicznych.

1. DATA3-1: Selling price and living area of single family homes in University

City community of San Diego, in 1990 (Ramanathan).

price = sale price is in thousands of dollars (Range 199.9-505)
sqft = square feet of living area (Range 1065-3000)

Obs price sqft

1 199,9 1065
2 228,0 1254

3 235,0 1300
4 285,0 1577
5 239,0 1600
6 293,0 1750
7 285,0 1800
8 365,0 1870
9 295,0 1935
10 290,0 1948
11 385,0 2254
12 505,0 2600
13 425,0 2800
14 415,0 3000

2. DATA3-11: Data on annual (1995) salary for professors at the seven

universities: UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC San Diego, Illinois, Michigan, Stanford,
and Virginia (Ramanathan).

salary = annual salary in thousands of dollars (Range 41.3-153)
years = number of years since Ph.D. (Range 1-45)

Obs salary years

1 105,200 36
2 91,300 30
3 72,500 29
4 74,300 28
5 103,500 26

6 117,500 26
7 64,200 25
8 86,700 25
9 81,500 23
10 98,000 20
11 91,200 19
12 91,300 19
13 93,100 17
14 83,000 16
15 80,000 12
16 55,900 19
17 66,000 14
18 60,600 10

19 56,500 10
20 53,900 8
21 56,500 8
22 43,900 10
23 48,000 8
24 48,000 8
25 47,900 5
26 48,200 4
27 55,000 3
28 53,000 3
29 52,000 1
30 100,600 29
31 78,200 18

32 128,100 17
33 100,400 30

34 58,100 22
35 108,500 18
36 75,300 14
37 72,200 29
38 78,300 24

39 114,400 33
40 94,900 16
41 88,000 31
42 98,200 13
43 63,600 21
44 86,000 10
45 80,000 10
46 90,100 12
47 78,300 29
48 66,300 14
49 91,300 27
50 129,000 32
51 104,000 15

52 55,300 23
53 51,300 7
54 53,000 2
55 52,000 3
56 55,000 6
57 52,400 3
58 128,000 20
59 60,400 25
60 78,200 13
61 135,000 45
62 78,300 25
63 104,000 30

64 108,000 14
65 73,000 25
66 98,000 23
67 97,400 42
68 80,000 13
69 72,200 34
70 98,000 25
71 75,000 13
72 70,000 7
73 70,000 9
74 65,000 7
75 70,000 9
76 53,000 2

77 55,000 6
78 47,800 9
79 51,000 5
80 55,000 5
81 52,500 2
82 50,500 4
83 50,500 4
84 50,000 3
85 84,400 17
86 74,600 27
87 108,300 37
88 82,200 12
89 91,500 19

90 83,800 25
91 80,100 36
92 88,000 18
93 81,900 22
94 88,600 14
95 88,600 21
96 75,500 27
97 85,000 27
98 100,200 25
99 115,200 35
100 74,000 19
101 77,000 34

102 80,000 35
103 71,200 35
104 74,400 34
105 81,500 16
106 92,600 12

107 122,500 23
108 51,900 14
109 55,600 15
110 41,300 26
111 63,300 6
112 62,400 7
113 70,500 13
114 53,500 26
115 47,900 5
116 45,800 4
117 51,900 8
118 47,200 4
119 87,700 38

120 97,800 37
121 99,300 31
122 77,500 31
123 87,500 31
124 72,100 30
125 92,500 30
126 83,200 27
127 66,700 29
128 107,000 28
129 83,600 27
130 68,100 25
131 102,800 24

132 100,500 24
133 67,000 22
134 94,300 22
135 114,500 22
136 90,000 22
137 87,168 21
138 85,500 21
139 90,000 20
140 104,000 19
141 76,200 19
142 98,500 18
143 89,000 15
144 82,000 12

145 62,900 13
146 65,700 12
147 61,200 12
148 78,500 11
149 68,000 10
150 64,000 9
151 64,800 8
152 69,000 8
153 74,000 7
154 48,700 14
155 49,500 11
156 50,700 6
157 46,000 5

158 50,000 4
159 50,500 3
160 50,000 3
161 50,000 3
162 48,700 2
163 126,000 28
164 121,000 26
165 121,000 37
166 121,000 18
167 121,000 16
168 121,000 28
169 121,000 22

170 120,500 13
171 116,500 26
172 115,700 22
173 115,485 34
174 114,920 28

175 114,500 34
176 113,330 31
177 112,000 40
178 109,650 40
179 107,640 28
180 105,155 17
181 100,000 26
182 97,000 26
183 95,800 44
184 90,045 21
185 90,000 15
186 87,000 27
187 85,500 29

188 73,000 10
189 60,000 6
190 57,850 13
191 54,445 5
192 53,500 9
193 52,650 7
194 51,850 5
195 51,750 7
196 50,250 2
197 50,250 2
198 50,000 1
199 50,000 1

200 153,000 28
201 135,000 15
202 121,000 30
203 107,500 25
204 103,000 29
205 91,000 33
206 93,000 18
207 83,000 20
208 70,000 27
209 68,000 21
210 66,500 26
211 66,000 12
212 82,000 20

213 74,000 11
214 60,500 10
215 58,000 11
216 57,500 10
217 55,000 14
218 54,000 7
219 54,000 6
220 51,000 3
221 51,000 4
222 51,000 2

3. DATA9-1: Data for the demand for ice cream (Ramanathan).

Source: Hildreth-Lu paper, Table D16, page 73.

Four week periods from March 18, 1951 to July 11, 1953
demand = per capita consumption of ice cream in pints (Range 0.256-0.548)
income = weekly family income in dollars (Range 76-96)
price = price of ice cream in dollars per pint (Range 0.26-0.292)
temp = mean temperature in Fahrenheit (Range 24-72)

Obs demand income price temp

1951:03 0,386 78 0,270 41

1951:04 0,374 79 0,282 56

1951:05 0,393 81 0,277 63

1951:06 0,425 80 0,280 68

1951:07 0,406 76 0,272 69

1951:08 0,344 78 0,262 65

1951:09 0,327 82 0,275 61

1951:10 0,288 79 0,267 47

1951:11 0,269 76 0,265 32

1951:12 0,256 79 0,277 24

1952:01 0,286 82 0,282 28

1952:02 0,298 85 0,270 26

1952:03 0,329 86 0,272 32

1952:04 0,318 83 0,287 40

1952:05 0,381 84 0,277 55

1952:06 0,381 82 0,287 63

1952:07 0,470 80 0,280 72

1952:08 0,443 78 0,277 72

1952:09 0,386 84 0,277 67

1952:10 0,342 86 0,277 60

1952:11 0,319 85 0,292 44

1952:12 0,307 87 0,287 40

1953:01 0,284 94 0,277 32

1953:02 0,326 92 0,285 27

1953:03 0,309 95 0,282 28

1953:04 0,359 96 0,265 33

1953:05 0,376 94 0,265 41

1953:06 0,416 96 0,265 52

1953:07 0,437 91 0,268 64

1953:08 0,548 90 0,260 71

4. Table_1.1 U.S. Egg Production (Gujarati).

Source: World Almanac, 1993, p. 119. The data are from the Economic Research

Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

STATE = state

Y1 = eggs produced in 1990, millions

Y2 = eggs produced in 1991, millions

X1 = price per dozen in 1990, cents

X2 = price per dozen in 1991, cents

Obs Y1 Y2 X1 X2
AL 2206,0 2186,0 92,7 91,4
AK 0,7 0,7 151,0 149,0
AZ 73,0 74,0 61,0 56,0
AR 3620,0 3737,0 86,3 91,8
CA 7472,0 7444,0 63,4 58,4
CO 788,0 873,0 77,8 73,0
CT 1029,0 948,0 106,0 104,0
DE 168,0 164,0 117,0 113,0

FL 2568,0 2537,0 62,0 57,2
GA 4302,0 4301,0 80,6 80,8
HI 227,5 224,5 85,0 85,5
ID 187,0 203,0 79,1 72,9
IL 793,0 809,0 65,0 70,5
IN 5445,0 5290,0 62,7 60,1
IA 2151,0 2247,0 56,5 53,0
KS 404,0 389,0 54,5 47,8
KY 412,0 483,0 67,7 73,5
LA 273,0 254,0 115,0 115,0
ME 1069,0 1070,0 101,0 97,0
MD 885,0 898,0 76,6 75,4
MA 235,0 237,0 105,0 102,0

MI 1406,0 1396,0 58,0 53,8
MN 2499,0 2697,0 57,7 54,0
MS 1434,0 1468,0 87,8 86,7
MO 1580,0 1622,0 55,4 51,5

5. Wine Source: World Almanac, 1993, p. 119. The data are from the Economic

Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (Wooldridge)

Source: These data were reported in a New York Times article, December 28,

1994.

Notes: The dependent variables deaths, heart, and liver can be regressed

against alcohol as nice simple regression examples.

Obs alcohol deaths heart liver

1 2,5 785 211 15,3
2 3,9 863 167 45,6
3 2,9 883 131 20,7

4 2,4 793 191 16,4
5 2,9 971 220 23,9
6 0,8 970 297 19,0
7 9,1 751 71 37,9
8 0,8 743 211 11,2
9 0,7 1000 300 6,5
10 0,6 834 183 13,7
11 7,9 775 107 42,2
12 1,5 680 36 23,2
13 1,8 773 167 9,2
14 1,9 916 266 7,7
15 0,8 806 227 12,2
16 6,5 724 86 36,4

17 1,6 743 207 11,2
18 5,8 693 115 20,3
19 1,3 941 285 10,3
20 1,2 926 199 22,1
21 2,7 861 172 36,7

6. Table 7.1 U.S. Coffee Consumption in Relation to Average Real Retail Price,

1970-1980 (Gujarati).

Source: Consumption from Summary of National Coffee Drinking Study, Data

Group, Elkins Park, PA, 1981; price from Nielsen Food Index (A. C. Nielsen,

New York, 1981) divided by the CPI for food and beverages, 1967 = 100.

Y = U.S. coffee consumption, cups per person per day

X = average real retail price, $ per pound

Obs Y X

1970 2,57 0,77

1971 2,50 0,74

1972 2,35 0,72

1973 2,30 0,73
1974 2,25 0,76
1975 2,20 0,75
1976 2,11 1,08
1977 1,94 1,81
1978 1,97 1,39
1979 2,06 1,20

1980 2,02 1,17

7. Table 7.6 Demand for Roses (Gujarati).

Source: Collected by Joe Walsh from a major wholesaler in the Detroit

metropolitan

area.

Y = quantity of roses sold, dozens

X2 = average wholesale price of roses, $ per dozen

X3 = average wholesale price of carnations, $ per dozen

X4 = average weekly family disposable income, $ per week

X5 = trend variable taking values of 1, 2, and so on, for the period

1971.3 to 1975.3 in the Detroit Metropolitan Area

Obs Y X2 X3 X4 X5

1971:3 11484 2,26 3,49 158,11 1

1971:4 9348 2,54 2,85 173,36 2

1972:1 8429 3,07 4,06 165,26 3

1972:2 10079 2,91 3,64 172,92 4

1972:3 9240 2,73 3,21 178,46 5

1972:4 8862 2,77 3,66 198,62 6

1973:1 6216 3,59 3,76 186,28 7

1973:2 8253 3,23 3,49 188,98 8

1973:3 8038 2,60 3,13 180,49 9

1973:4 7476 2,89 3,20 183,33 10

1974:1 5911 3,77 3,65 181,87 11

1974:2 7950 3,64 3,60 185,00 12

1974:3 6134 2,82 2,94 184,00 13

1974:4 5868 2,96 3,12 188,20 14

1975:1 3160 4,24 3,58 175,67 15

1975:2 5872 3,69 3,53 188,00 16

8. Table 11.8 Salary and years in rank, academic statisticians (Gujarati).

Source: American Statistical Association, "2000-2001 Salary Report of Acdemic

Statisticians", Amstat News, Issue 282, December 2002, p. 4.

Y = median salary ($)

X = years in rank (at mid-point of interval)

Obs X Y

1 0,5 69000
2 2,5 70500
3 4,5 74050
4 6,5 82600
5 8,5 91439

6 10,5 83127
7 12,5 84700
8 14,5 82601
9 16,5 93286
10 18,5 90400
11 20,5 98200
12 23,0 100000
13 26,0 99662
14 30,0 116012
15 34,0 85200