AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

AAPPA “Space Revisited” Workshop

AAPPA “Space Revisited” Workshop

ADAPTIVE AIR CONDITIONING

ADAPTIVE AIR CONDITIONING

by

by

David Uhlhorn

David Uhlhorn

Umow Lai & Associates Pty Ltd

Umow Lai & Associates Pty Ltd

March 2003

March 2003

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort

Comfort

Comfort

Comfort

Occupant satisfaction

Occupant satisfaction

Increased productivity

Increased productivity

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort

Comfort



Some parameters affecting comfort we

Some parameters affecting comfort we

can control:

can control:



temperature

temperature



humidity

humidity



air speed

air speed



ventilation rate

ventilation rate



glare

glare



solar radiation

solar radiation



lighting level

lighting level



colours

colours

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort

Comfort



Some parameters affecting comfort we

Some parameters affecting comfort we

may not be able to control:

may not be able to control:



external weather conditions

external weather conditions



clothing

clothing



relationship with other occupants

relationship with other occupants



odours

odours



job satisfaction

job satisfaction



mood

mood



health

health

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort

Comfort

Definition:

Definition:

“Thermal Comfort is that condition of mind

that expresses satisfaction with the
thermal environment”

- American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air

Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort

Comfort

Comfort conditions in air conditioned

Comfort conditions in air conditioned

buildings:

buildings:



ASHRAE Standard 55 “Thermal Environmental
Conditions for Human Occupancy” - satisfies 80%
of sedentary or slightly active persons

.

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort

Comfort

Greater occupant control

Greater occupant control

Greater occupant comfort

Greater occupant comfort

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort with Natural Ventilation

Comfort with Natural Ventilation

Comfort conditions in naturally

Comfort conditions in naturally

ventilated buildings:

ventilated buildings:

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Comfort

Comfort

Adaptive Comfort Theory - occupants adapt

Adaptive Comfort Theory - occupants adapt

to their environment via 3 modes:

to their environment via 3 modes:

Behavioural -

Behavioural -

adjustment

Physiological -

Physiological -

acclimatisation

Psychological -

Psychological -

habituation and expectation

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning:

Adaptive Air Conditioning:

natural ventilation

natural ventilation

mechanical air conditioning

mechanical air conditioning

Also called hybrid or mixed mode

Also called hybrid or mixed mode

ventilation/air conditioning

ventilation/air conditioning

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning benefits:

Adaptive Air Conditioning benefits:



lower capital costs

lower capital costs



lower operating costs

lower operating costs



higher occupant satisfaction

higher occupant satisfaction

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Potential for Natural Ventilation

Potential for Natural Ventilation

Percentage of hours/annum between

Percentage of hours/annum between

15-26

15-26

o

o

C

C

% of Total Hours/Annum

Brisbane

65

Sydney

64

Perth

55

Adelaide

43

Melbourne

37

Canberra

30

Hobart

26

Darwin

25

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:

CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:

CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

The University of Melbourne - Bio21

The University of Melbourne - Bio21

Molecular Science and Biotechnology

Molecular Science and Biotechnology

Institute

Institute

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

The University of Melbourne - Bio21

The University of Melbourne - Bio21

ATRIUM

OCCUPANT CONTROLLED

FAN COIL UNIT IN EACH

OFFICE.

OUTDOOR AIR

VENTILATION DUCT.

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Deakin University, Burwood - Building T

Deakin University, Burwood - Building T

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Deakin Building T

Deakin Building T

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Deakin Building T:

Deakin Building T:



Construction cost $1,650 per m

Construction cost $1,650 per m

2

2

(cf typical > $2,000 per m

(cf typical > $2,000 per m

2

2

)

)



Energy target of 350 MJ per m

Energy target of 350 MJ per m

2

2

(cf typical 450 - 950 MJ per m

(cf typical 450 - 950 MJ per m

2

2

)

)



Average internal temperature 23

Average internal temperature 23

o

o

C

C

(Nov 02 - Jan 03)

(Nov 02 - Jan 03)

AAPPA Workshop

March 2003

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning

Summary:

Summary:



Comfort is a personal thing and best that

Comfort is a personal thing and best that

can be expected is 90-95% satisfaction

can be expected is 90-95% satisfaction



Occupants of naturally ventilated

Occupants of naturally ventilated

buildings have lower expectations than

buildings have lower expectations than

occupants of air conditioned buildings

occupants of air conditioned buildings



Degree of control of the environment has

Degree of control of the environment has

a major influence on satisfaction with

a major influence on satisfaction with

thermal conditions

thermal conditions