Literatura ćwiczenia

moby dick rozdziały:

2 pierwsze strony rozdz: 9, 16, 23, 41, 99

4 pierwsze str. rozdz: 1

3 pierwsze strony: 27

4 ostatnie strony: 22,

2 ostatnie strony: 96

^przynieść na zajęcia

Forms of Puritan Literature

• sermon (j. Edwards: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"))

• chronicle

Puritan Poetry

• simplicity of diction (imitation of biblical style)

• homely imagery - it was supposed to be recognisable, dealt with early days of Puritans (a spinning wheel, a loom [Taylor's Housewifery]

• metaphysical conceits (Taylor's Meditation Six)

• allegory (Taylor's Upon a Spider Catching a Fly) - related to religion

Taylor and Bradsteet - unorthodox Puritan poets

Taylor hid his poems, was afraid, it was published 200 years later

Upon A Spider Catching A Fly

by Edward Taylor

allegory - system of metaphors

Fly is weaker than a wasp, it cannot defend itself.

Spider - evil

Fly - damned

wasp - elect

doctrine of predestination

sting - irresistible grace

signs of election: wealth, prosperity,

Huswifery

by Edward Taylor

dominant verb: make

this human is not passive,verb creates space for action

Taylor gives an account of each working part of a spinning wheel,

Taylor creates imagery of election, he asks god to grant him salvation (not necessary by election), he suggests the ways it could be done (different parts of a spinning wheel)

e.g. by reading the bible, loving god; prayers,

Metaphor changes from spinning wheel to the loom

Thine Ordinances make my Fulling Mills. - 10 commandments

Then dy the same in Heavenly Colours Choice, - ready cloth should be dyed - achieve salvation

All pinkt with Varnish't Flowers of Paradise.

Then cloath therewith mine Understanding, Will,

Affections, Judgment, Conscience, Memory;

My Words and Actions, that their shine may fill

My wayes with glory and thee glorify.

Then mine apparell shall display before yee

That I am Cloathd in Holy robes for glory. - give all these things and i'm saved

Meditation Six

by Edward Taylor

Am I thy gold? Or purse, Lord, for thy wealth; - man is compared do gold, purse.

Whether in mine or mint refined for thee? - god is the minter (produces coins) or owner of the mine

I'm counted so, but count me o'er thyself,

Lest gold washt face, and brass in heart I be.

I fear my touchstone touches when I try

Me, and my counted gold too overly.

Am I new minted by thy stamp indeed?

Mine eyes are dim, I cannot clearly see.

Be thou my spectacles that I may read - tell me if I'll be elected

Thine image and inscription stampt on me.

If thy bright image do upon me stand,

I am a golden angel in thy hand [Angel - Eng coin]

Lord, make my soul thy plate: thine image bright - make - key verb, suggesting unorthodox

Within the circle of the same enfoil.

And on its brims in golden letters write

Thy superscription in an holy style.

Then I shall be thy money, thou my hoard:

Let me thy Angel be, be thou my Lord. - association to sth precious

To My Dear and Loving Husband

by Anne Bradstreet

If ever two were one, then surely we.

If ever man were lov'd by wife, then thee;

If ever wife was happy in a man,

Compare with me ye women if you can.

I prize thy love more than whole Mines of gold,

Or all the riches that the East doth hold.

My love is such that Rivers cannot quench, - you can quench another person (sugg. erotic)

Nor ought but love from thee, give recompence.

Thy love is such I can no way repay,

The heavens reward thee manifold I pray.

Then while we live, in love let's so persever,

That when we live no more, we may live ever.

tone is v gentle, it displays affection (which is not typical of puritan woman). Glory of human love. It's very personal poem, it celebrates love b/w wife & husband.

Poem is unorthodox, not about puritanical wife, bus as wife as such

Upon the Burning of Our House

by Anne Bradstreet

ubi sunt - where are the snows of previous winter? gdzie są niegdysiejsze śniegi

Before the Birth of One of Her Children

By Anne Bradstreet

she fears for her baby

she's addressing her husband, she's asking her husband to take care of her baby, children

transcience of time

poem starts with a general note, which brings the atmosphere. she's writing this poem to be remembered by her husband.

she's not concerned about her own salvation

2 - 12.11.12

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)

Tales of the Crotesque and Arabesque (1814)

an aesthete & a decadent romantic induging in strained emotion for its own sake

• with his 48 poems established a new symbolic poetry (French symbolists)

• invented a detective storoy

• boradened science fiction

• intruduced a new fiction of psychological analysis

The Philosophy of composition - a new theory of the short story & the requirements of a good poem/short story

• poetry - a result of mathematical calculation rather than divine inspiration

• brevity - a short story should be brief enought to be read in one sitting in order to sutain a single effect

• unity of effect - all elements of the short story (plot, setting, character, etc) should contribute to a single effect (e.g. horror or melancholy)

Poetry is not state of current emotional state, it's carefully designed, planned, it needs to be calculated with mathematical precision. In order to sustain the effect and keep the tension of the story it has to be short enough for the reader to be able to read it at one sitting. Originality is his priority either originality of form or theme (or both)

Stages:

• choice of Beauty as the province of the poem

• choice of tone

• Beauty & death

Poet is sitting alone in darkness, it's December night, tempest, faint light from the fireplace - this creates mystic atmosphere. Tension is being built up 1. it's midnight, 2. rustling of the curtains, 3 uncertainty, 4 knocking.... He's not sure who's behind the door, he's not sure from where knocking comes, he even thinks it's only wind.

When he notices the raven he's not scared, its appearance made him smile. It's kind of anti-climax. Refrain creates some kind of pleasure, it's routine, creates aura of monotony. But he decided to use it in a special way, text of refrain is the same, but in each stanza its application is different

Meanings of 'nevermore'

2. Lenore will never again appear at his chamber

3. Speaker will never forget his lover

4. he's asking for relief - but there will be no relief

5. Speaker asks for consolation but they are never going to meet again

6. he will always suffer

7. bird is going to stay there forever to remind him of his beloved

2 short stories next

the house of...

3 - 19.11.12

The Cask of Amontillado - Edgar Allan Poe

Crime story

key-word: effect, aesthetics

story is about how he did it, crime was to be perfect.

Montresor - french for 'my treasure'

• setting

• atmosphere

• carnival mask - the narrator is hiding his true intentions

• Fortunato was dressed as jester / king's fool

• Irony

  • Fortunato means lucky (while he isn't :P )

• Montressor uses flattery

• Montresor drinks to Fortunato's long life though he knows he's going to die sooon ^-^

• The longer Fortunato lives, the longer he suffers

• Fortunato belongs to masonry

• Montresor is a mason literally - he lays bricks to wall Fortunato up (bitch!)

• Montresor is telling the story 50 years later

The Fall of House of Usher - Edgar Allan Poe

sparknotes

• A horror story

“The Fall of the House of Usher” (Edgar Alan Poe)

• summary – proponuję sparknotes.

• We are provided only his subjective opinions on the aspects of the Usher’s life. We do not know whether it is a product of his imagination or whether it’s true. It’s a gothic mysterious and arabesque story. In gothic fiction nature played very important role. Narrator builds up our knowledge of the Ushers step by step.

• Time: late autumn, we do not know the exact time. Neither time or place is provided. Poe creates the sense of remoteness, which is characteristic of gothic fiction. The narrator has to cover a vast distance. He travels, we do not know how long. It’s the evening when the narrator sees the house.

• tone of the tale: insufferable gloom, mysterious, symbolic gloom, this is also the gloom of psychic dissolution

• The story is very gloomy and mysterious: trunks of trees, it’s dark. The narrator looks at the pond and sees an upside down image of the facade of the house as it resembles a skull, with empty windows resembling eye socket, an eye-like whole. Narrator is scared, he notices an increase in his own superstition – awareness of superstition. He’s terrified by sth but he doesn’t know what it is, he feels anxious, unsecured, but he proceeds. The house looks as if it was going to fall down, neglected, decayed. There’s a crack, a fissure on the house, it is symbolic, it splits two parts: the house is as if divided, but it is still one, as the twins, Madeline and Roderick, they are divided, but cannot exists without one another. Madeline lacks ability to feel anything, whereas Roderick feels too much, they are two parts of the same personality, idea of split personality.

• an usher – oddźwierny, sb who brings the person in

• The house inside – gloomy and dark, many strange elements, very ancient building, black floors, carpets, trophies of armour, phantasmagoric images – illustrate mystery

• nature which evokes atmosphere of horror and terror

• inhabitants of the house:

  • Roderick: looks changed, mature man, he lost all energy, looks weak, reserved, withdrawn, thin, has white complexion, cadaverousness of complexion, almost looks ghostly. He suffers from morbid acuteness of senses (whatever it is), he can’t bear all sensorial perceptions, he can only bear instruments.

  • Madeline: narrator realises during her ‘burial’ that she and Roderick are twins. Her disease is also strange, she cannot feel, see, she loses all these abilities, she has problems with her limbs. Roderick is afraid to bury her, that she might still be alive, he doesn’t know whether she is alive or already dead. Madeline’s final appearance in blood – characteristic to gothic fiction.

  • narrator: finally escapes, the situation of the house affects him, he starts to be afraid, he said that superstition grew in him, the house infected him with horror. The situation with narrator and Roderick is paralleled.

• The narrator and Roderick buried Madeline in the place which used to be first a donjon and then a ‘magazine’ for storing powder. Roderick’s condition deteriorated, he seems to hear voices. Finally that night comes, there’s tempest outside. Roderick seeks company. They (Roderick and narrator) read a book, a medieval romance. The plot of the romance is paralleled to the situation which happens in the house at the moment. As the narrator reads the story, he also starts hearing noises, he tries to dismiss it, to find an explanation. Earlier he also had doubts, while burring Madeline a thought crosses his mind that she might be alive, but he dismissed it. Roderick thinks that it is his sister, that she makes these noises, he thinks that she was alive while they were burring her. Madeline enters the room, she embraces him and they both collapse. He dies because of great fear, a mental shock. We don’t know whether she’s still alive or whether she came as a ghost.

• the Usher’s family tree was always limited to those who lived in the house. Perhaps Roderick’s disease was sth that ran in the blood, some kind of implication that there’s been some _____________ (?) between the twins.

5 - 10.12.12

The Scarlet Letter

felix culpa - happy sin

through good deed you can earn your salvation

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