Opracowanie wyników:
Pomiary:
37,5 ml wody destylowanej + 0,25 ml 3M H2SO4
36 ml wody destylowanej + 1,5 ml 0,2M NaOH + 0,05 ml 3M H2SO4
36,5 ml wody destylowanej + 0,25 ml gliceryny
Z uzyskanych pomiarów wykonujemy wykresy zależności oporu od czasu trwania reakcji - po trzy próby dla każdego.
czas [s] |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
1 |
10,627 |
10,607 |
10,567 |
10,524 |
10,404 |
10,567 |
10,362 |
10,522 |
10,449 |
2 |
10,628 |
10,608 |
10,567 |
10,525 |
10,405 |
10,567 |
10,363 |
10,519 |
10,449 |
3 |
10,628 |
10,608 |
10,567 |
10,524 |
10,404 |
10,567 |
10,364 |
10,522 |
10,448 |
4 |
10,628 |
10,609 |
10,566 |
10,525 |
10,405 |
10,567 |
10,363 |
10,523 |
10,449 |
5 |
10,628 |
10,611 |
10,566 |
10,526 |
10,405 |
10,568 |
10,365 |
10,524 |
10,449 |
6 |
10,628 |
10,611 |
10,566 |
10,526 |
10,406 |
10,568 |
10,366 |
10,524 |
10,45 |
7 |
10,629 |
10,612 |
10,567 |
10,526 |
10,405 |
10,567 |
10,366 |
10,52 |
10,45 |
8 |
10,629 |
10,612 |
10,566 |
10,526 |
10,406 |
10,568 |
10,366 |
10,524 |
10,451 |
9 |
10,629 |
10,615 |
10,567 |
10,526 |
10,406 |
10,567 |
10,366 |
10,526 |
10,451 |
10 |
10,629 |
10,616 |
10,567 |
10,526 |
10,406 |
10,568 |
10,368 |
10,526 |
10,451 |
11 |
10,63 |
10,617 |
10,568 |
10,526 |
10,406 |
10,568 |
10,368 |
10,526 |
10,452 |
12 |
10,63 |
10,618 |
10,568 |
10,526 |
10,407 |
10,569 |
10,368 |
10,526 |
10,452 |
13 |
10,63 |
10,619 |
10,569 |
10,526 |
10,407 |
10,568 |
10,368 |
10,527 |
10,452 |
14 |
10,63 |
10,619 |
10,571 |
10,527 |
10,407 |
10,568 |
10,368 |
10,528 |
10,453 |
15 |
10,631 |
10,62 |
10,57 |
10,527 |
10,407 |
10,568 |
10,37 |
10,528 |
10,453 |
16 |
10,631 |
10,62 |
10,57 |
10,527 |
10,407 |
10,569 |
10,37 |
10,528 |
10,453 |
17 |
10,631 |
10,623 |
10,57 |
10,527 |
10,408 |
10,569 |
10,371 |
10,528 |
10,455 |
18 |
10,632 |
10,622 |
10,571 |
10,526 |
10,408 |
10,569 |
10,371 |
10,528 |
10,455 |
19 |
10,632 |
10,622 |
10,57 |
10,527 |
10,41 |
10,569 |
10,372 |
10,529 |
10,454 |
20 |
10,632 |
10,621 |
10,57 |
10,528 |
10,409 |
10,569 |
10,372 |
10,53 |
10,455 |
21 |
10,632 |
10,623 |
10,57 |
10,528 |
10,409 |
10,569 |
10,372 |
10,529 |
10,455 |
22 |
10,632 |
10,623 |
10,57 |
10,528 |
10,411 |
10,569 |
10,372 |
10,53 |
10,455 |
23 |
10,633 |
10,623 |
10,57 |
10,529 |
10,41 |
10,569 |
10,373 |
10,53 |
10,456 |
24 |
10,633 |
10,624 |
10,57 |
10,529 |
10,41 |
10,57 |
10,372 |
10,531 |
10,456 |
25 |
10,634 |
10,624 |
10,572 |
10,528 |
10,41 |
10,538 |
10,373 |
10,531 |
10,456 |
26 |
10,634 |
10,625 |
10,571 |
10,529 |
10,41 |
10,53 |
10,374 |
10,531 |
10,457 |
27 |
10,633 |
10,624 |
10,571 |
10,529 |
10,411 |
10,528 |
10,373 |
10,532 |
10,453 |
28 |
10,634 |
10,625 |
10,571 |
10,528 |
10,412 |
10,529 |
10,375 |
10,532 |
10,446 |
29 |
10,635 |
10,625 |
10,571 |
10,528 |
10,413 |
10,529 |
10,376 |
10,532 |
10,446 |
30 |
10,635 |
10,625 |
10,572 |
10,529 |
10,412 |
10,529 |
10,376 |
10,533 |
10,443 |
31 |
10,635 |
10,626 |
10,572 |
10,53 |
10,413 |
10,529 |
10,377 |
10,533 |
10,437 |
32 |
10,634 |
10,626 |
10,572 |
10,53 |
10,409 |
10,529 |
10,376 |
10,526 |
10,432 |
33 |
10,636 |
10,626 |
10,572 |
10,53 |
10,38 |
10,529 |
10,376 |
10,523 |
10,431 |
34 |
10,636 |
10,626 |
10,571 |
10,531 |
10,375 |
10,53 |
10,377 |
10,527 |
10,431 |
35 |
10,636 |
10,627 |
10,572 |
10,53 |
10,373 |
10,53 |
10,377 |
10,502 |
10,431 |
36 |
10,636 |
10,627 |
10,573 |
10,53 |
10,372 |
10,53 |
10,376 |
10,497 |
10,431 |
37 |
10,636 |
10,626 |
10,573 |
10,531 |
10,373 |
10,53 |
10,378 |
10,5 |
10,43 |
38 |
10,636 |
10,626 |
10,573 |
10,531 |
10,373 |
10,531 |
10,379 |
10,508 |
10,425 |
39 |
10,636 |
10,626 |
10,573 |
10,531 |
10,373 |
10,53 |
10,379 |
10,499 |
10,425 |
40 |
10,637 |
10,626 |
10,573 |
10,531 |
10,373 |
10,531 |
10,379 |
10,499 |
10,426 |
41 |
10,636 |
10,627 |
10,574 |
10,531 |
10,374 |
10,531 |
10,379 |
10,501 |
10,425 |
42 |
10,637 |
10,626 |
10,574 |
10,531 |
10,374 |
10,531 |
10,379 |
10,503 |
10,425 |
43 |
10,637 |
10,627 |
10,574 |
10,532 |
10,375 |
10,531 |
10,379 |
10,501 |
10,425 |
44 |
10,637 |
10,628 |
10,575 |
10,532 |
10,375 |
10,531 |
10,381 |
10,502 |
10,426 |
45 |
10,638 |
10,576 |
10,575 |
10,532 |
10,376 |
10,533 |
10,381 |
10,503 |
10,427 |
46 |
10,638 |
10,571 |
10,574 |
10,532 |
10,376 |
10,532 |
10,382 |
10,504 |
10,428 |
47 |
10,638 |
10,574 |
10,576 |
10,532 |
10,376 |
10,532 |
10,381 |
10,505 |
10,427 |
48 |
10,638 |
10,571 |
10,576 |
10,533 |
10,376 |
10,532 |
10,382 |
10,506 |
10,427 |
49 |
10,638 |
10,561 |
10,576 |
10,533 |
10,376 |
10,532 |
10,382 |
10,504 |
10,429 |
50 |
10,639 |
10,561 |
10,576 |
10,533 |
10,377 |
10,532 |
10,383 |
10,507 |
10,428 |
51 |
10,639 |
10,558 |
10,576 |
10,533 |
10,377 |
10,532 |
10,384 |
10,506 |
10,428 |
52 |
10,639 |
10,558 |
10,576 |
10,533 |
10,378 |
10,533 |
10,384 |
10,507 |
10,429 |
53 |
10,638 |
10,558 |
10,576 |
10,533 |
10,377 |
10,533 |
10,385 |
10,507 |
10,429 |
54 |
10,64 |
10,559 |
10,576 |
10,533 |
10,377 |
10,533 |
10,385 |
10,508 |
10,429 |
55 |
10,639 |
10,56 |
10,576 |
10,534 |
10,378 |
10,533 |
10,386 |
10,508 |
10,428 |
56 |
10,639 |
10,562 |
10,577 |
10,534 |
10,378 |
10,533 |
10,385 |
10,509 |
10,43 |
57 |
10,64 |
10,561 |
10,577 |
10,534 |
10,378 |
|
10,386 |
10,509 |
10,43 |
58 |
10,64 |
10,562 |
10,567 |
10,534 |
10,378 |
|
10,386 |
10,51 |
10,431 |
59 |
10,64 |
10,563 |
10,558 |
10,534 |
10,379 |
|
10,387 |
10,512 |
|
60 |
10,641 |
10,562 |
10,554 |
10,534 |
10,379 |
|
10,387 |
10,512 |
|
61 |
10,641 |
10,563 |
10,554 |
10,535 |
|
|
10,388 |
10,512 |
|
62 |
10,64 |
10,563 |
10,556 |
10,536 |
|
|
10,388 |
10,513 |
|
63 |
10,642 |
10,564 |
10,556 |
10,535 |
|
|
10,389 |
10,513 |
|
64 |
10,642 |
10,564 |
10,555 |
10,535 |
|
|
10,388 |
10,514 |
|
65 |
10,642 |
10,566 |
10,556 |
10,536 |
|
|
10,383 |
10,514 |
|
66 |
10,642 |
10,566 |
10,556 |
10,521 |
|
|
10,381 |
10,514 |
|
67 |
10,637 |
10,566 |
10,556 |
10,502 |
|
|
10,378 |
10,515 |
|
68 |
10,621 |
10,566 |
10,555 |
10,497 |
|
|
10,376 |
10,515 |
|
69 |
10,616 |
10,566 |
10,556 |
10,498 |
|
|
10,375 |
10,515 |
|
70 |
10,617 |
10,567 |
10,556 |
10,499 |
|
|
10,373 |
10,516 |
|
71 |
10,617 |
10,566 |
10,556 |
10,497 |
|
|
10,367 |
10,516 |
|
72 |
10,617 |
10,567 |
10,556 |
10,496 |
|
|
10,38 |
|
|
73 |
10,617 |
10,568 |
10,556 |
10,495 |
|
|
10,39 |
|
|
74 |
10,617 |
10,569 |
10,556 |
10,496 |
|
|
10,392 |
|
|
75 |
10,618 |
10,569 |
10,556 |
10,496 |
|
|
10,383 |
|
|
76 |
10,618 |
10,569 |
10,556 |
10,496 |
|
|
10,381 |
|
|
77 |
10,618 |
10,569 |
10,556 |
10,497 |
|
|
10,366 |
|
|
78 |
10,618 |
10,57 |
10,557 |
10,496 |
|
|
10,367 |
|
|
79 |
10,619 |
10,57 |
10,557 |
10,497 |
|
|
10,37 |
|
|
80 |
10,619 |
10,572 |
10,557 |
10,497 |
|
|
10,364 |
|
|
81 |
10,619 |
10,571 |
10,558 |
10,497 |
|
|
10,366 |
|
|
82 |
10,62 |
10,571 |
10,558 |
10,497 |
|
|
10,363 |
|
|
83 |
10,621 |
10,573 |
10,557 |
10,498 |
|
|
10,36 |
|
|
84 |
10,62 |
10,572 |
10,559 |
10,498 |
|
|
10,361 |
|
|
85 |
10,62 |
10,573 |
10,56 |
10,5 |
|
|
10,36 |
|
|
86 |
10,621 |
10,573 |
10,559 |
10,498 |
|
|
10,357 |
|
|
87 |
10,621 |
10,573 |
10,559 |
10,499 |
|
|
10,357 |
|
|
88 |
10,621 |
10,574 |
10,559 |
10,499 |
|
|
10,356 |
|
|
89 |
10,621 |
10,574 |
10,559 |
|
|
|
10,355 |
|
|
90 |
10,622 |
10,575 |
10,559 |
|
|
|
10,355 |
|
|
91 |
10,621 |
10,576 |
|
|
|
|
10,355 |
|
|
92 |
10,623 |
10,576 |
|
|
|
|
10,356 |
|
|
93 |
10,622 |
10,576 |
|
|
|
|
10,356 |
|
|
94 |
10,622 |
10,576 |
|
|
|
|
10,357 |
|
|
95 |
10,621 |
10,576 |
|
|
|
|
10,357 |
|
|
96 |
10,622 |
10,577 |
|
|
|
|
10,358 |
|
|
97 |
10,623 |
10,577 |
|
|
|
|
10,358 |
|
|
98 |
10,623 |
10,578 |
|
|
|
|
10,358 |
|
|
99 |
10,623 |
10,578 |
|
|
|
|
10,358 |
|
|
100 |
10,623 |
10,578 |
|
|
|
|
10,358 |
|
|
101 |
10,624 |
10,58 |
|
|
|
|
10,351 |
|
|
102 |
10,624 |
10,579 |
|
|
|
|
10,35 |
|
|
103 |
10,624 |
10,58 |
|
|
|
|
10,359 |
|
|
104 |
10,626 |
10,581 |
|
|
|
|
10,36 |
|
|
105 |
10,626 |
10,581 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
10,625 |
10,58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
107 |
10,626 |
10,581 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
108 |
10,626 |
10,582 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
109 |
10,626 |
10,582 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
110 |
10,625 |
10,582 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
111 |
10,626 |
10,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
112 |
10,626 |
10,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
113 |
10,626 |
10,584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
114 |
10,626 |
10,584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
115 |
10,626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
116 |
10,626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
117 |
10,627 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
10,626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
10,626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wykresy:
Obliczenia:
Rozcieńczanie kwasu siarkowego:
Zobojętnianie zasady sodowej kwasem siarkowym:
Rozpuszczanie gliceryny w wodzie:
Obliczanie liczby moli kwasu siarkowego użytego w reakcji zobojętniania:
V = 0,05ml
c = 3mol/dm3
3 mole - 1000ml
x moli - 0,05ml n2 = 1,5 * 10-4 moli kwasu siarkowego
Obliczanie liczby moli gliceryny:
V = 0,25 ml
d = 1,2613 g/cm3
Mgliceryny = 92g
1,2613g - 1ml
x g - 0,25ml x = 0,315g
1 mol gliceryny - 92g
y moli - 0,315g n3 = 0,0034 moli
Obliczenie molowej entalpii zobojętniania:
∆HM - molowe ciepło zobojętniania
∆HM3 - molowe ciepło rozpuszczania gliceryny w wodzie = -5,65 kJ/mol
∆T1 - temperatura rozcieńczania kwasu siarkowego
∆T2 - temperatura zobojętniania zasady kwasem
∆T3 - temperatura rozpuszczania gliceryny w wodzie
n2 - ilość moli kwasu siarkowego (VI)
n3 - ilość moli gliceryny
Wnioski:
Na podstawie pomiarów z doświadczenia udało się obliczyć wartość molowej entalpii
zobojętniania kwasu zasadą i wynosi ona ΔH= -74,377 kJ/mol. Wniosek z tego taki, że reakcja zobojętniania kwasu zasadą jest reakcją egzotermiczną, gdzie wydziela się ciepło. Z wykresów możemy odczytać, że po dodaniu wybranego odczynnika do zbiornika kalorymetru, w każdym przypadku opór termistora maleje. Z zależności, że temperatura jest odwrotnie proporcjonalna do tego oporu, możemy wywnioskować jej wzrost. Stąd potwierdzenie wiadomości, że reakcja zobojętniania kwasu zasadą jest reakcją egzotermiczną.