unit 12 +

absolutely completely

accept => acceptance

accessibility dostępność the quality or characteristic of something that makes it possible to approach, enter, or use it

acquisition make an acquistion the process of getting sth, buys sth

add say another thing

affect influence

afterward(s) later

ain't am not, is not etc.

alignment position

alliance sojusz a group of countries, political parties, or people who have agreed to work together because of shared interests or aims

alternative one that you can use if you do not want to use another one

applaud clap, show enjoyment

appoint to officially choose someone for a job

approve the merger agree, allow, have a good opinion

assessment judgement

associate professor a teacher of high rank in a college or university who has a lower rank than a professor

at sb's disposal available to be used by someone

at the very least co najmniej, przynajmniej

attempt trying to do sth

back and forth tam i z powrotem moving first in one direction and then in the opposite one

back office the part of a business company that is concerned with running the ?company and that does not deal directly with customers or the public

be bound to mieć obowiązek, być zmuszonym be forced to

be grounded in sth to be based firmly on something

beauty company firma kosmetyczna

before long soon

benefit from mieć korzyść z

bid make/launch/ reject = refuse a bid offer money for shares in a company

board a group of people who officially control a company or organization, or a particular type of business activity zarząd, rada

branch = division one of several shops, offices, etc that are part of a company or organization

bury hide

call off cancel

capability ability

cash flow the amount of money moving into and out of a business

chocolatier person or company that makes or sells chocolate

clash fight

commit to promise or give your loyalty, time, or money to a particular principle, person, or plan of action

compatible zgodny, agreeable n. compatibility able to exist, live together, or work successfully with something or someone else

complementary useful and attractive

comprise consist

conceal prevent sth from sth

conditional warunkowy + on depends on sth else being done

confirm = approve, affirm make certain

conglomerate a company that owns several smaller businesses whose products or services are usually very different

consensual with the willing agreement of all the people involved

consummated complited

contribute to add, donate, provide

convey communicate

corporation a large company or group of companies that is controlled together as a single organization

couch express

crash fall in the value

crash fall

crucial = vital important

currently nowadays

database a large amount of information stored in a computer system in such a way that it can be easily looked at or changed

dean leader

decentralize to move the control of an organization or government from a single place to several smaller ones

deeply extremely, strongly

definitely without any doubt

delighted very pleased

derail prevent from happening sth

deteriorate become worse

determine decide

disguised having an appearance that hides the true from

ditch dump, get rid of

diverse different

division separate part

domestic inside the country

dominant more important, strong

drive stimulate, provide power

due diligence należyta staranność the detailed examination of a company and its financial records, done before becoming involved in a business arrangement with it

due to becuase of

embassy the building where work the group of people who represent their country in a foreign country

engaged in involved in

essence the basic or most important idea or quality of sth

essentially mainly

established well known, growing

ethanol etanol

eventually finally

exceptionally wyjątkowo, much greater than usual

exclusive limited

exclusively only

expand increase

expansion development

expertise know-how

expiration date data ważności the last day on which a product or service can be used

extent amount, area or length

factor fact of

fair trade a way of buying and selling products that makes certain that the people who produce the goods receive a fair price

fast-growing szybko rozwijający się

field an area of study or activity

fiercely extremely

firmly certainly, strongly

fixed-line = landline telephone traditional phone services that use cables

flagging becoming weaker, weaken

flexible changeable

folks people

force narzucać force a rule to be obeyed

form begin, create, start

fortunate lucky

fragrance sweet or pleasant smell, perfume

fully completely

furthermore in addition, more importantly

gain get

gap absent thing

go for choose

go on continue

hard cash money that you have on stock not in bank account

highly very

hippie a person, typically young, especially in the late 1960s and early 1970s, who ?believed in ?peace, was ?opposed to many of the ?accepted ?ideas about how to live, had long hair, and often lived in groups and took drugs

hostile unfriendly

identify explain

immediately now

impartial not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument

impose introduce by force

in partnership with w partnerstwie z

in spite of even though, despite of

inadequate = unsufficient, unsatisfactory not ood enough

inclusive including

incredibly extremely

indebted grateful

independent not influenced

indicate show

ingredient element one of the parts of something successful

in-house inside the business Something that is done in-house is done within an organization or business by its employees rather than by other people

initial at the begining

initiative action a plan or activity that is done to solve a problem or improve a situation inicjatywa

innovate introduce changes or new ideas

integrated combined

interchangeable changeable, able to be exchange, compatibile

international relating to or involving two or more countries

invisible impossible to see

ironically z przekąsem in a way that is different or opposite from the result you would expect

joint venture set up a joint venture a business or business activity that two or more people or companies work on/ invested together

knot supeł, węzeł

lastly endly

lifetime the period of time during sb's lives

majority the large number

MBO (management buyout) when company's top executives buy the company they work for

mere used to emphasize that something is not large or important

merger when two or more companies or organizations join together fuzja

mid-priced used to describe a product or service that is neither very cheap nor very expensive compared to other products or services of the same type

mission aim, goal

multinational involving several different countries, or (of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries

net asset value the total value of the assets of a company after its total debt has been subtracted

nevertheless despite

newly recently

observe notice, see

obviously in a way that is easy to understand

occupancy obłożenie the number of things, such as rooms, that are being used, in relation to the total number available

once-revered no longer respected

oncology onkologia

opportunistic using a situation to get advantage

organic natural, not using artificial chemicals when keeping animals or growing plants for food

organic growth If a company experiences organic growth, it develops its own business instead of buying other companies

outline describe

oversea outside the country, foreign

ownership when you own something

particularly especially

partly to some degree, to some extent

permit allow

personal care the job of helping people who cannot take care of themselves, for example because they are disabled

pharmaceutical farmaceutyczna

pint size

point out tell sb about sth

poll = survey, voting a study in which people are asked for their opinions about a subject or person

portfolio a collection of accounts, money, etc that is owned by a person or organization portfel

pose cause

preferably if possible, possibly

premium extra money, additional sum of money

presence obecność

prestigious respected

prevail control, influence

previously early

priority something that is very important and must be dealt with before other things

product range all the types of products that a company or store sells

profit margins the difference between the total cost of making and selling something and the price it is sold for

propeller śmigło a device that causes a ship or aircraft to move, consisting of two or more blades that spin at high speed

property a building or area of land

public offering an occasion when a company makes shares available, or the number of shares made available

purchase buy

put your cards on the table = lay your cards on the table to be honest and not hide what you are thinking or doing

quantify measure or judge the size or amount

quarterly done or produced four times a year

rapidly quickly

reconsider think again

record information

refer to relate to

reject refuse

relative a member of your family

relatively quite

reliable that you can rely on

remain keep

respectively odpowiednio appropriately

restructure to organize a company, business, or system in a new way to make it operate more effectively

retail activity of selling goods to the public

retain keep

reveal give a secret

revenue income

revere respect and admire

sales rep = sales representative someone who travels to different places trying to persuade people to buy their company's products or services

seek try to find

separate for different from

serve be useful

set up start, found

share udział w %

share placing sale of securities (papiery wartościowe) but not to the public rather to small number of investors

shareholding akcjonariat the shares in a company that a particular person or organization owns considered together as a unit

showstopper długo oklaskiwany fragment występu a piece in a stage performance that the audience enjoy so much that their clapping and shouts of approval interrupt the performance

significantly importnatly

site place

sizeable large

skeptical doubtfull that sth is true or useful

slot hole

slow down more relax, less active

sovereign having the highest power or being completely independent

sovereign wealth fund SWF is a state-owned investment fund investing in real and financial assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, or in alternative investments such as private equity fund or hedge funds. Sovereign wealth funds invest globally.

Soviet Union Związek Radziecki

split divide

stake take/sell a stake - przejąć udziały money risked or invested in a company; number of shares (udziały w pieniądzu)

steady gradual, firm

steelmaker a company that produces steel

stock supply

strictly exactly, correctly

strongly very much

submarine łódź podwodna a ship that can travel underwater

subsidiary a company that is owned by a larger company

suitability => suitable

swallow up sth/sb to take someone or something in so that it is destroyed or no longer independent

take in remove

take place happen

takeover przejęcie a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares

takeover bid an offer or attempt to take control of a company by buying enough of its shares to do this, or the amount of money offered

target aim at, adresować, celować

temporary not lasting or needed for very long

tempting wanting to have or do

tend to do sth zwykle coś robić, zwykle kończyć się w jakiś okreslony sposób, o often do a particular thing or be likely to do a particular thing

tension feeling of nervousness

the mainstream the way of life or set of beliefs accepted by most people

the scale of the size of

therefore in this way

throughout przez, poprzez in every part or during the whole period of time

tie connect

tie-up connection

top increase

transition przejście a change from one form or type to another, or the process by which this happens

turn down refuse

turnover the amount of business that a company does in a period of time

ultimately finally

ultra- extreme, extremely

unlimited not limited

unspectacular not exciting, not great

vulnerable = defenseless, sensitive able to be easily hurt, influenced or attacked

wage salary a particular amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee, especially one who does work that needs physical skills or strength, rather than a job needing a college education

well-established zakorzeniony having existed for a long time

wish want to do sth

Handout

a pie chart wykres kołowy
raid - an attempt to take ​control of a ​company by ​buying a lot of its ​shares- napad
economies of scale - reductions in costs resulting from increased production
diversify - adding new and different products or services
market share - a company`s sales expressed as a percentage of the total slaes in market
fee - money paid to investment banks for work done
customer base - all the individuals or organizations that regularly or occasionally purchase goods or services from a company
optimum - best, perfect or ideal (adjective)
synergy - combined production or productivity that is greater than the sum of separate parts
raiders - people or companies that try to buy and sell other companies to make a profit
asset stripping - buying a company in order to sell its most valuable assets at a profit.
plant (&equipment)- large ​pieces of ​equipment and ​machinery that are used in ​manufacturing ​processes
takeover bid - an ​offer or attempt to take ​control of a ​company by ​buying enough of its ​shares to do this, or the ​amount of ​money ​offered
stock price=share price - the ​price of a particular company's ​shares
undervalued - if something is undervalued, it is considered to be less ​valuable or important than it really is
goodwill - the ​value to a ​company or ​organization of things that cannot be directly ​measured, for ​example, its good ​reputation or its ​customers' ​loyalty
hostile takeover - relating to ​situations in which one ​company ​wants to ​buy another ​company whose ​owners do not ​want to ​sell it
human capital - ​employees, and all of the ​knowledge, ​skills, ​experience, etc. that they have, which makes them ​valuable to a ​company or ​economy
unmanageable - impossible to ​deal with or ​manage
inefficient - using ​resources such as ​time, ​materials, or ​labour in a way that ​wastes them:
market capitalization - the ​total ​value of ​shares in a ​stock ​market or several ​stock ​markets
split them up - to ​divide or cause to ​divide into two or more ​parts:
leveraged buyouts - an occasion when a ​person or ​group uses ​borrowed ​money to ​buy a ​company