A
2
In = S · B · T · exp -
k · T
In S B A
T k
 I [A] = 2.9000 I [A] = 2.8500 I [A] = 2.8000 I [A] = 2.7500
U [V ] = 2.1600 U [V ] = 2.1200 U [V ] = 2.0800 U [V ] = 2.0000
U [V ] I [mA] U [V ] I [mA] U [V ] I [mA] U [V ] I [mA]
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Iz = 2.90A
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Iz = 2.85A
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Iz = 2.80A
2 Iz = 2.75A
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
U [V]
U [V]
U [V]
U [V]
U [V]
U [V]
U [V]
U [V]
I [mA]
I [mA]
I [mA]
I [mA]
I [mA]
I [mA]
I [mA]
I [mA]
 I [A] R [&!] "T [K] T [K]
R "T T
U
R =
I
T = T0 + "T
R - R0
"T =
Ä… · R0
T0 = 273.15 R0 = 0.06&!
-1
T0 Ä… = 0.0046
12
13
14
23
24
34
1 2

2
k · T1 · T2 In2 T1
A = · ln ·
2
T2 - T1 In1 T2
In1 In2 k
1 2
-1
k = 8.6167 · 10-5 ·
u( )
A



( -Aij)2
A


i,j
u( ) =
A
6 · 5