Zdania czasowe:
Zd. Nadrzedne: Future Simple / F. Cont. / F. Perfect / Must / Can / May /prośba; polecenie
Spójnik:WHEN / AFTER / BEFORE / AS SOON AS / UNTILL / TILL/ WHILE / IF / UNLESS
Zdanie czasowe: Present simple / present cont. / present perfect.
Srtona bierna :
Strona czynna I: podmiot + orzeczenie + dopełnienie
A bus + hit + my cat.
Str bierna I: dopelnienie + BE(odp forma) + inies. Bierny 3 form + BY z podmiotem
My cat + was + hit + by a bus.
Str. Czynna II: podmiot + orzeczenie + dopełnienie dalsze + dop. Blizsze
A friend + gave + me + the money.
Str. Bierna IIA: dop.dalsze + BE(odp forma) + inies. Bierny 3form + dop.blizsze+BY z pod.
I + was + given + the money + by a friend.
Str. Bierna IIB: dop.blizsze + BE(odp forma) + inies. Bierny 3form + dop.dalsze+ BY z pod.
The money + was + given + to me + by a friend.
Zmiana strony czynnej na bierna:
present simple - am / are / is
present cont. - am /are / is + begin
future simple - will be
past simple - was / were
past cont. - was / were + begin
present perfect - has been / have been
past perfect - had been
Okres warunkowy typ 1
Zd. Nadrzedne: Future Simple / F. Cont. /F. Perfect / Must / Can / May /prosba polecenie
Spójnik: IF / UNLESS
Zdanie czasowe: Present simple / present cont. / present perfect.
Przykład: We will go to London if he gets a passport tomorrow.
Okres warunkowy typ 2
Zd. Nadrzedne: Would (Could / Might / Should) + bezokol.
Spójnik: IF
Zdanie czasowe: Present simple.
Przykład: He would go to London if he got a passport now.
Okres warunkowy typ 3
Zd. Nadrzedne: Would (Could / Might / Should) + HAVE + imies bier 3forma.
Spójnik: IF
Zdanie czasowe: past perfect / past perfect cont.
Przykład: He would have gone to London 3 days ago if he had got a passport.
Tryb łączący:
I WISH:
Przyszłość: would + bezokol.
I wish he would go to London tomorrow.
Terażniejszość: past simple
I wish he went to London now.
Przeszłość: past perfect.
I wish he had gone to London last week.
Po WISH zawsze WERE we wszystkich osobach!!!!
WOULD RATHER = `d rather
I/you/... Would rather + bezokol.
Przykład: I would rather stay here.
I'd rather + zdanie z innym podmiotem.
Przyszłość + terażniejszość: past simple.
Przykład: I'd rather she come today.
Przyszłość: past perfect.
Przykład: I'd rather he had left yesterday.
Mowa zależna.
1. Present simple. I do my homework every day.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple Present simple
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) do(es)
P: Bob says (that) he does his homework every day.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple Present simple → past simple
Say / told sb / thought do(es) →did
P: Bob said (that) he did his homework every day.
2. Present cont. I'm doing my homework.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple Present cont.
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) am/are/is doing
P: Bob says (that) he is doing his homework.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple Present cont. → past cont.
Say / told sb / thought doing → was/were doing
P: Bob said (that) he was doing his homework.
3. Future simple. I will do my homework on Monday.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple Future simple
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) will do
P: Bob says (that) he does his homework every day.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple Future simple → Future in the past
Say / told sb / thought will do →would do
P: Bob said (that) he would do his homework on Monday.
4. Future cont. I will be doing my homework all day.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple Future cont.
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) will be doing
P: Bob says (that) he will be doing his homework all day.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple Future cont. → Future cont. in the past.
Say / told sb / thought will be doing → would be doing
P: Bob said (that) he would be doing his homework every day.
5. Past simple. I did my homework on Monday.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple Past simple
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) did
P: Bob says (that) he did his homework on Monday.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple Past simple → Past perfect
Say / told sb / thought did → had done
P: Bob said (that) he had done his homework on Monday.
6. Past cont. I was doing my homework from 7 to 9.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple Past cont.
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) was / were doing
P: Bob says (that) he was doing his homework from 7 to 9.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple Past cont.→ Past perfect cont.
Say / told sb / thought was / were doing → had been doing
P: Bob said (that) he had been doing his homework on Monday.
7. Present perfect. I haven't done my homework.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple present perfect.
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) have /has done
P: Bob says (that) he hasn't done his homework.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple present perfect.→ Past perfect.
Say / told sb / thought have /has done → had done
P: Bob said (that) he had done his homework on Monday.
8. Present perfect cont. I have been doing my homework for 2 hours.
a) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Present simple Present perfect cont.
Say / tell(s) sb / think(s) have /has been doing.
P: Bob says (that) he has been doing his homework for 2 hours.
b) Zd. Nad. (THAT) zd. Pod.
Past simple Present perfect cont.→ Past perfect cont.
Say / told sb / thought have /has been doing → had been doing.
P: Bob said (that) he had been doing his homework for 2 hours.
Czasowniki zdan nadrzednych:
Say(s)→said; tell(s) → told; explain(s) → explained; answer(s) → answered; replay(s) → replied; announce(s) → announced; repeat(s) → repeated; promise(s) → promised; remark(s) → remarked; think(s) → thought
Pytania tak jak mowa zalezna ale dokladamy if
P: Bob: Do you cook dinner every day, Eve?
Bob asks Eve if she cooks dinner every day.
Bob asked Eve if she cooks dinner every day.
Czasowiki zdan pytajacych nadrzednych:
Ask(s) → asked; wonder(s) → wondered; question(s) → ; want(s) to know → wanted to know; enquire(s) → enquired;
Rozkazy zależne:
Zdanie zwykłe → zdanie zależne bezokloicznikowe.
P1: Mike Go home, Eve!
Mike told Eve to go home.
P2: “Don't drive so fast”, she warned him.
She warned him not to drive so fast.
Odpowiednie czasowniki dla rozkazów:
Tell(s) → told; ask(s) → asked; say(s) → said; order → ordered; warn(s) → warned; command(s) → commanded; advise(s) → advised;