REPORTED SPEECH
STATEMENTS- stwierdzenia
PRESENT SIMPLE---------------------------------------------------PAST SIMPLE
`I never eat meat', he said. He said that he never ate meat.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS---------------------------------PAST CONTINUOUS
`I am waiting for Ann', she said. She said that she was waiting forAnn.
PRESENT PERFECT----------------------------------------------PAST PERFECT
`I have found a flat', he said. He said that he had found a flat.
PRESENT PERFECT CONT.-------------------------PAST PERFECT CONT.
`I have been working',he said. He said that he had been working.
SIMPLE PAST------------------------------------------------------PAST PERFECT
`I took it home ', he said. He said that he had taken it home.
FUTURE---------------------------------------------------------------CONDITIONAL
`I will be in Paris', he said. He said that he would be in Paris.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS-------------------- CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
`I will be using her car', he said. He said that he would be using her car.
*** INNE ZMIANY
here—there
now—then
this—that
these—those
today—that day
yesterday—the day before
the day before yesterday—two days before
tomorrow—the next day/the following day
the day after tomorrow—in two days' time
next week/year etc.—the following week/year etc.
last week/year etc.—the previous week/year etc.
a week ago—a week before/the previous week
***ZDANIA WARUNKOWE: TYP 1 - zmiana czasów wg. zasad
TYP 2 -bez zmian !
TYP 3 - bez zmian!
***UNREAL PAST po wyrażeniach: I wish, I'd rather, It's time, had better- bez zmian !
*** USED TO- bez zmian
He said:'I used to live here.'-----------------He said that he used to live there.
COMMANDS, REQUEST, ADVICE-
-polecenie, zakaz, prośba, rada.
Czasowniki często używane:
tell, order, advise, ask, invite, warn, beg, forbid, remind itp.
positive : verb + object +infinitive
He said `Close the door!'-------------------------------He told me to close the door.
`Could you close the door, please', he said.---- ---He asked me to close the door.
`Why don't you go to bed', she said.-------- ------ ---She advised me to go to bed.
negative : verb+ object + NOT+infinitive
`Don't go there!', he told them.----------------------He told them not to go there.
`Don't leave it here,please', she said.--------She asked me not to leave it there.
SUGGESTION - sugerowanie
SUGGEST doing sth
not doing sth
that sb should /shouldn't do sth
his/him doing sth
`Let's leave the bag at the station', he said.
He suggested leaving the bag at the station.
He suggested that they should leave the bag at the station.
QUESTIONS - pytania
zmiana czasu
szyk wyrazów jak w zdaniu oznajmującym
He said:'Where does she live?'----------------He asked where she lived.
`Who lives next door?', he asked.-------------He asked who lived next door.
`What happened?', she asked.------------------She asked what had happened.
jeśli brak jest słówka pytającego, używamy IF lub WHETHER.
`Is anyone there?', he asked.------------------He asked if anyone was there.
`Shall I wait for them or go on?', he wondered.-----He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on.
SEE sb DO sth / SEE sh DOING sth
Somebody did sth + I saw it
I saw somebody do sth.
gdy widzieliśmy jak ktoś coś zrobił; od początku do końca;
I saw him fall off the tree.
I saw the accident happpen.
Somebody was doing sth + I saw it.
I saw somebody doing sth.
gdy widzieliśmy jak ktoś coś robił;
I saw him walking along the street.
I saw you drinking my beer.
Inne czasowniki :
hear
feel
watch
listen