1. $NPV = \ - Io + \ \Sigma\frac{\text{CF}_{n}}{{(1 + r)}^{n}}$

2. E(NPV) =  p_o *  NPV₀ + p_b * NPV_b + p_p * NPV_p

3. PC = Cj * Q

4. KC = KS + KZ

5. KZ = kjz * Q

6. Z_B = PC − KC

7. Z_N = Z_B − Z_B * r_p

8. sd > twd

9. $P = \ \frac{D}{r}$

10. twd < kkw

11. $g = ROE*f = > f = \frac{Z_{z}}{Z_{n}}$

12. $P = \frac{D(1 + g)}{r - g}$

13. $P = \frac{D(1 + g)}{r - g} + X$

14. w₂ < w₁

15. $P = \ \frac{D}{{r - w}_{1}}*\left\lbrack 1 - \left( \frac{1 + w_{1}}{1 + r} \right)^{k} \right\rbrack^{} + \frac{D}{{r - w}_{2}}*\left( \frac{1 + w_{1}}{1 + r} \right)^{k - 1}*\ \frac{1 + w_{2}}{1 + r}$

16. $K_{u} = \frac{D_{u}}{P_{u}}*100\%$

17. $K_{u} = \ \frac{D_{u}}{P_{\text{su}} + \ F_{\text{su}}}*100\%$

18. $K_{z} = \left( \frac{D_{z}}{P_{z}} + g \right)*100\%$

19. $K_{z} = \left( \frac{D_{z}}{P_{\text{sz}} + \ F_{\text{sz}}} + g \right)*100\%$

20. K_k = i_k * (1−T)

21. $V_{o} = P_{o}*\left( 1 - \frac{m}{12}*\frac{i_{o}}{100} \right)$

22. $K_{o} = \frac{O}{\text{Vo}}*\left( 1 - T \right)*100\%$

23. K_s = K_u * U_u + K_z * U_z + K_k * U_k + K_o * U_o

24. $PI = \ \frac{\sum_{}^{}\frac{NCF\ " + "}{{(1 + r)}^{t}}}{|NCF\mathrm{" - "|}}$

25. $DPP = \ \frac{\text{PVI}}{\frac{NCF\ " + "}{{(1 + r)}^{t}}}$

26. $\text{DPP}_{o} = \ \frac{\text{PVI}}{\sum_{}^{}\frac{NCF\ " + "}{{(1 + r)}^{t}}}*n$