IMG 26

I

lndex

Pavlov, Ivan P.: mcntioncd. 130 Payne, Robert: mentioncd, 246 Pearson, Karl (English biomctncian and positivist    philosnphcr):    background,

124; strongly influcnced by Mach's Science oj Mechanice and Coniributiont 10 the Analytit 0} Sentationt, 124: fmishcd Clifford’j Common sense cl the Etjci Science: and wrotc Gram war of Science, both very influential and Machist m oricntauon, 124-125; opposed thcories and causal explanation in favor of Mach’s raathematical func-t:ons, 125; opposed Mendel'* thcory,

125,    169; mcntioncd, 126. 245 Pcircc, Charles (American philomphrr,

influcnced William James'* Pragma-tism): scvercly criticizcd Mach’s Science c/ Mechanice in an umigned reyicw,

126,    338

Pcrry, Ralph Barton (American philos-opher and biographer o( William James): 3 New Rcalist, influcnced by Mach, 232; hclpcd interest Russell in 'ncutral monism," 199 200 Petzoldt, Joseph (a leader of Berlin posi-tivism): background, long-time sup-porter of Ascnanui, 190 191; Mach hclpcd hun to bccomc privatdozcnt at Berlin Tcchnical Univcrsity, 191; prirne movcr of Socicty for Positivistic Philoi-ophy, 190, 192; wrotc arrides and books t/cating Mach as Einstein*! pre-dccessor, 191, 273-273. =791 Had re-scrvations abou: light constancy and tried to interpret it in a relativisdc way, 250-251. 274, 279-285; belicvcd Mach supported Einstein’! thcory or could have bccn pcrsuaded to accept it,

276- 27;; dates of Mich's lettcrs to Petzoldt on rclativity secn> to be crronc-ous, 276-277. 353; unsucccssfully tried to visit Mach in Vatcr»tcttcn to per-suade him to acccpt Einstein’* thcory.

277- 278; blamcd Ludwig Mach for failuic, 278; Ludwig Mach elaimed his father rejected Einstcin's thcory, 280-281; did not want to disom relativity wilii Petzoldt. 281; Petzoldt inństcd hc had right to publish Mach’* posthu-mous works. hut Ludwig Mach con-tested (his, 280; Einstein rejected Pet-zoldt’t “rcljiisistic" interpretation of light constancy, 281-282; failed to en-list Einstein in his Berlin International Socicty for Empirical Philosophy, 282; finally admitted Einstein'* thcory was an absolutc thcory, 282; defended Mach against Planck, 222; defined atoms as microscnsations, 322; mcntioncd, 255, 256, 300

Petzval, loscf (Vicnna mathematician and pioneer in photogr3phy): taught Mach mathematies, 13; had ccccntric lifc style, 13-14; attackcd Doppler thcory, 17; rcncwcd his attack and was an-swered by Mach, 19; taught Boltz-mann, 87 Phenomenalism:

—Mach’s philosophy of. Sec Mach's philo-sophical dcsdopmcnt

—Mach’s influence conccrning. See Machs philosophical influence —Criticisms of Maclfs position on. See Madi's philosophical opponenrs —Rclations to: causal rcalistn, 11; nalvc rcalism, xx; positisism, 167; presenta-tional cpistemology, 231; prcscntational rcalism, 203; physiology, 130; rclativity and quantum thcory, 171, 258-259, 3>3-3M

—Types of: rcfcrcntial. 32-33. 35. 122; cpistcmological, u, 27, 31, 32, 34, 122—123, 165, 206; immanent, 31, 34. t?3, 202, 731; nntological, 26. 31. 34. 37. 48. 55. 64, 122. 123, 127. 131. 165, 166-167. 193. 206: mcthodological, 35, ao6, 231; linguistic. 161, 231. 303-304; sensation, 31, 32, 59; as opposed to cxperience, 31, 59, 231; contcnt, 31, 61. 3«3. 3*4; opposctl to art, 31. 61-63. 3¹3-3¹4; rclation. 31; holistic, 31; monistic phenomenalism conuasted with monistic materialism, 65 —Mcntioncd: 184. 202, 264 Phcnomcnology. See Husserl. Edmund; P- 327

Phcnomcnology, uimcrsal physical: Mach’s namc for his own form of phenomen-aliim, 121; Boltzmann’* identification of Mach's philosophy with. 178 Phcnonienon (for prcscntational i.us it nieans both appcarancc and happening; for rcprc.scntationalists it is an ambigu-ous word sińce all happenings arc not appearances): Mach‘s u»c of term, 85; mcntioncd, 86

Philosophy. See Mach’s philosophical dc-selopment; Science, philosophy of Philosophy of cducation. See Education, Mach'* theory of

Philosophy of science. See Scienee, philosophy of

Photography: Mach'* suggestion* about

9U

Index

>orrcd Einstcin's speda! thcory, 250: ccommcnded Einstein to Prjgue pn>-eworship, 208: warred Einstein abou: nisuse of kinematies, 254; doubts ibout Einstein'* generał thcory, 255; Einstein mnvcd to Berlin, beoamc Manck'* collcague there, 254; Einstein :ame doser to Plaack's philosophicJ sosition, 357: oppoied aspects of Co-senhagen interpretation of quantum hcory, 312-313: Niesiołowski’* attack >n Planck, 310-311; mentioncd, x. tviii, 190, 249. 28?.

microphotography, 16; shock wave ob-servation, 108-112, 223; Mach'* work on X-ray stcrcoscopy, i6a; Russian interest in Mach’$ photographic work, 236-237: Pctzval's contributious to, 13; mcniioncd, 313

Photons: Planck slow to acccpt light quanta, 220; mcntioncd, 249 Physical Chcmistry. See Ostwald, Wilhelm Physicalism (an attempt to conccal a phcnomcnalistic cpistcmology by using a physical objcct language): Locb‘s po-sition on, 130; approach of Camap and Ncurath toward, 334; difTerent defini-tions of, 358. See also Unity of science mo»cmcnt

Physical Mcaning: Mach'* attitude on, 172; not always elear :n quantum thcory, 313-318

Physical Objcct Language: Bccr's carly use of, 288; Carnap’s usc of, 130, 203: New Rcalism, 202; substiluted for phcnomcnalistic language, 304 Physical spacc. See Spacc, physical Physical timc. See Time, physical Physics:

—Mach’s unJerstanding of: definitions of, 64: divisions of, 85; definitions of, branchcs of, 85-86; futurę of, eon-ncctcd with psychology, 30; mathe-matical distinguished from theoretical physics, 84; no hypothetical entitirs in, 268; physical phenomena changc eon-tinuously but Chemical phenomena not, 310-311

—Mach’* attitude toward: preferred cx-pcrimcntal, 268; Iow opinion of theo-rics, 84; all thcories provisional and incomplete, 166: only mathcmatical science tnie science, 172: physics ab-stract and idealized, 65: non-Eudidcan geometry not nccessary for physics (\irk of cconomy), 265; physics be-coming l:ke a church, 224 —How to teach. See Education, thcory of —Classiral. See Classical physics —Modern. See Modern physics —Expcrimental. See Mach’s scicntific work —Theoretical. See Energy: Force; Mass; Motion; Spacc; Timc; Boltzmann; Einstein; Newton; Hcat; Thermodynamics; Relarwity. Einstein'* thcory of; Quan-tum thcory

Physiologic.il spacc. See Spacc, physiolog-ical

Physiological timc. See Time, physiological Physiological world: defined, 331; for

Mach thii was the same as the crreraal world, 65

Physiology (Mach's understanding of this field oserlapped traditional distinctions bctwccn mind and body to indude "senie physiology" and ‘‘phyiiologial psychology"): Mach's expenmental coo-tributions to, 2>-3i, 71-55; his early interest m, 14; dcfinition of, 64. 331; ideał internal or psychic world, 65: psychology maić scicnńfic, 64. 130. 3°4> 33¹1 differenńated from physics, 64-65; Mach's influence on Wdliam James, 126; on Loeb, 130

Pick, Georg Alctandcr (Prague mathe-matician): laboratory conflict with I fajek. 146: originally supported Jau-mann but later backcd Einstein for Prague professenhip, 251-252, 268-269

Pickciing, Edward: mcntioncd, 19

Pius X (Roman popc): Mach oppesed his syllabus, 291

Place, absolutc physical: Newton'* defini-tion cf, 94

Place, relatise physical: Newton'* defini-tion of, 94

Plaińfk, Franz: confirmed Mach*s Catho-lic background, 333

Planck, Max: background of, 218: quan-tum discovery, 219. 3*8; changing atti-tudc toward Boltzmann. 217-220; Kantian philosophy of, 221: attacked energcticism, 205-206, 219; Mach's influence on, 116-117. I70-17*. ²-°. 310-311; early criticisms of Mach's scicntific and philosophical ideas, 219; first major attack on Mach and his influence, 220-333; Mach*s countcrattacJc. 223-224, 3C0; Mach’* allies attack Planck. 222-223; second major attack ou Mach and his influence, 225-227; Mach’s decision not to rcply to second Planck attack, 226; attacks strcngthencd Lcnin's casc agninst Mach, 245: ^5UP"

403