Mowa zależna 1

Mowa zależna (Indirect Speech)

Szczególnym przypadkiem następstwa czasów jest mowa zależna. Polega ona na relacjonowaniu wypowiedzi własnej lub innej osoby. Zdania oznajmujące w mowie zależnej najczęściej rozpoczynają się takimi słowami jak:

add	dodać	point out	zauważyć
admit	przyznać	remark	zwrócić uwagę, zauważyć
answer	odpowiadać	report	zgłaszać
complain	narzekać	say	powiedzieć
dedare	deklarować	State	stwierdzić
deny	zaprzeczać	tell	powiedzieć
explain	wyjaśniać	whisper	szeptać

Zmiany dotyczące czasów.

Simple Present     >    Simple Past

"I rarely go to the cinema", said John John said he rarely went to the cinema.

Present Continuous    ■ - —>    Past Contlnuous

"My younger sister is sleeping", said Tom Tom said his younger sister was sleeping.

Present Perfect    —>    Past Perfect

"I have found the key", said Ann Ann said she had found the key.

Present Perfect Continuous —>    Past Perfect Continuous

"I have been looking for itfor an hour", said Bob.

Bob sald he had been looking for it for an hour.

Simple Past    —■• ->    Past Perfect

"I met him In London", sald Chris Chris sald he had met hlm In London.

"I was swimming", said Fiona Fiona said she had been swimming.

Futurę Simple    - - -> Futurę in the Past

"i will do it", said Peter Peter said he would do it.

Futurę Continuous    ->    Futurę in the Past Continuous

"I will be waiting for you", said Robert Robert said he would be waiting for me.

Futurę Perfect    ->    Futurę Perfect in the Past

"I will have finished it by seven", said James James said he would have finished it by seven.

Futurę Perfect Continuous    ——>    Futurę Perfect in the Past

Continuous

"I will have been waiting for her for an hour soon", complained Bill.

Bill cmplained he would have been waiting for her for an hour soon.

First Conditional    — ->    Second Conditionai

"If I see Betty, I will give it to her", said Mark Mark said if he saw Betty, he would give it to her.

Czasy: Futurę in the Past (Cont.), Past Perfect (Cont.) oraz II i III typ zdań warunkowych w mowie zależnej nie zmieniają się.

Zmiany dotyczące określników i zaimków.

here	->	there
this	—>	the, that
these	—>	the, those
ago	->	before
tomorrow	->	the next day, the following day
yesterday	—>	the day before, the prevloua day
today	■■ ■■>	that day
tonight		that nlght
now	—wfr	than
lut	!!■ 1 >	Iha............before
iioxt		(ba following