REIDER PART 209

Glossary 369

straight-lcg raising test A provocative test designed to exacer-bate the symptoms of lower lumbar radiculopathy by pas-

subscapularis lag sign Inability to maintain the “lift off” position of the arm behind the back due to subscapularis weakness. sulcus sign The appearance of a transverse sulcus between the humerał head and the lateral acromion when the arm is pulled distally, a sign of inferior laxity of the shoulder. supination Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward; by extension, analogous rotation in other parts of the body.

supraspinatus isolation test (see Jobes test) swan neck deformity A compIex deformity of the finger in which a hyperextcnsion deformity of the proximaI interpha-langcal joint is combined with a flexion deformity of the dis-tal interphalangeal joint, swayback deformity (see hyperlordosis) tailor’s bunion (see bunionettc)

tenodesis effect Involuntary passive extension or flexion of the fin-gers associated with flexion or extension of the wrist, rcspec-tively, owing to the intrinsic tonę of the musculotendinous units. Thomas’ test A clinical method for measuring flexion and cxtension of the hip that uses the contralateral limb to lock the pelvis in flexion and thus prevent compensatory motion of the lumbar spine.

Thompson’s test A manipulative test to detect Achilles’ tendon rupture by squeezing the patients calf and observing for the normal associated plantar flexion response. tibia vara A varus deformity (bowing) of the tibia. tibial torsion Twisting of the tibia about its longitudinal axis, as judged by the diffcrence between the flexion axis of the knee and the flexion axis of the ankJe joint.

Tinel’s sign, formication sign A sign of nerve compression, injury, or regeneration after injury in which tapping over the nerve at the site of involvement produces characteristic pares-thesias or dysesthesias in the distribution of the nerve.

TinePs test Tapping over a nerve with the tip of the long finger in an attempt to elicit TinePs sign. too-many-toes sign A sign of unilateral pes planus, classically caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, in which morę toes than usual can be scen in the involved foot when the patient is viewed from behind.

total active elevation An alternative method of assessing shoulder motion, measured by asking the patient to raise the arm as far as possible in the piane in which it is most comfortablc. transillumination A method of identifying a ganglion cyst by its ability to transmit light in a characteristic manner. Trendelenburgs gait A gait abnormality in which the patients pelvis sags when the patient lifts the uninvolved limb to take a step, usually caused by gluteus medius weakness. Trendelenburg’s sign Sagging of the pelvis during single-leg standing; a sign of gluteus medius weakness.

Trendelenburgs test A provocative test for gluteus medius weakness or hip joint pain in which the patient is asked to stand on one leg at a time.

triangular fibrocartilage complex compression test A provoca-tive test to elicit painful clicking and popping in the presence of a triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear. tripod sign The observation that passive extension of the knee in a seated patient causes the patients trunk to fali back-wards; usually a sign of hamstring tightness or sciatica.

tubercle-sulcus angle The angle between a linę drawn ffom the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle and a

second linę perpendicular to the floor when the patient is in

a seated position.

ulnar Related to the medial side of the hand or the forearm, on which the ulna and the little finger are located.

Ulnar claw hand: A deformity associated with an ulnar nerve palsy, in which the MP joints are hyperextended and the PIP joints are flexed.

ulnar deviation A motion of the wrist produced by bending the hand toward the ulnar side of the forearm. ulnar nerve compression test of the elbow A provocative test for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow in which prolonged passive elbow flexion is combined with digital pressure over the cubital tunnel.

ulnar nerve compression test of the wrist A provocative test for ulnar nerve compression at the wrist in which the nerve is comprcssed at a point just radial to the pisiform bonę in an attempt to rcproduce the patienfs symptoms. upper limb tension tests (ULTT) A serics of provocativc tests that seeks to rcproduce or exacerbate neurologically based symptoms in the upper extremity by placing progressive tension on the cervical nerve roots and the associated peripheral nerves.

valgus stress test of the elbow A manipulative test for abnormal valgus laxity of the elbow.

valgus stress test of the knee A manipulative test for detecting inereased valgus laxity of the knee; primarily a test of the medial collateral ligament complcx. valgus thrust A gait abnormality in which the knee is thrust into a position of inereased valgus alignment when the limb is in single leg stance.

Valsalva’s maneuver A provocative maneuver designed to inerease intrathecal pressure and thereby exacerbate pain due to spinał cord or nerve root compression by asking the patient to bear down as if attempting to have a bowel movement. varus recurvatum test A method of demonstrating abnormal posterolateral laxitv of the knee in the supine patient by grasping the patients great toe and raising the leg from the examination table.

varus recurvatum thrust A gait abnormality in which the knee is thrust into a varus and hyperextended (recurvatum) position during single leg stance. varus stress test of the ankle (see inversion stress test) varus stress test of the elbow A manipulative test to assess abnormal varus Iaxity of the elbow. varus stress test of the knee A manipulative test for detecting inereased varus laxity in the knee; primarily a test of the lateral collateral ligament complex. varus thrust A gait abnormality in which the knee is thrust into a position of inereased varus alignment when the limb is in single leg stance.

Velpeau’s deformity (see silver fork deformity) volar, palmar Related to the anterior surface of the hand, on which the palm is located.

voluntary dislocation of the shoulder A phenomenon in which the patient is able to demonstrate the active ability to sublux or dislocate the shoulder.

Waddells nonorganic signs A set of five physical signs, origi-nally described by Waddell in patients with unsuccessful back surgery, that suggest the possibility of nonorganic