Metodyka 6

18MREAS OF LG EMPHASIZED IN CLT

*    functions over forms, - sequencing ( from simpłer to morę complex)

*    suprasentential & discourse level rather than sentence - based one. ‘The two factors which make discourse different from a list of sentences are cohesion and coherence.’ ( Dakowska) COHESION - a close relationship, based on grammar or meaning, between two parts of a sentence or a large piece of writing. Pieces of lg are linked into logical seąuence by means of linking and seąuence expressions (e.g. on the other hand, fmally, therefore)

COHERENCE - a reasonable, orderly connection or relation between ideas, arguments, statements, etc, so that what one hears / reads is a meaningful whole.

*four skills, no hierarchy, all from the very beginning, integrated.

-    orał - negotiation of meaning between the speaker and listener

-    reading - negotiation between the reader and the writer (top down approach)

*    limited role of grammar (just one aspect of communicative competence)

19. 4 TYPES OF COMPETENCES FROM CLT

1.    grammaticał/łingiiistic competence - mainly grammatical and lexical capacity

2.    sociolinguistic competence - (an appropriate use of different forms of the lg on a given social context - the roles of an interłocutor). Linguistic forms vs. linguistic function ( one function- different forms and vice versa)

3.    discourse competence - discourse suprasentential level - cohesion/coherence

4.    strategie competence - initiate, terminate, maintam, repair, and redirect communication, figuring out the speaker’s or writer’s intentions, negotiation of meaning (reduction of uncertamty) - the role of mteraction and feedback - through interaction the meaning becomes elear, feedback informs bout the degree of success in conveying the message - concerns both verbal and non-verbal strategies