20582 IPA chart 05

THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC Al.PIIABET (2005)

CONSONANTS (PULMONIC)

	lAflUU.		ttttflNAl			DOfcSAl
	Ki latu al	Libio dental	Dental	. . Polato Ałrcour , ,	Retrcflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nssal	m	■I	n		n.	P	V	H
Plosive	pb		t d		t i	^C J	^k_9_	q_cj
Fricatiwf	* P	f V	0 0	S z| J3	§ z	V' j	XV	x K
Ap|»oxiin«W		U	J		■i	j	^U<
Trill	B		r				■	^R
Tap, Flap		V	^f		c
Lateral fr>cative	_		i *				•Ł
Lrfrr.il •ipproxim.mt			'		L	X	L
Literał flap			J

Whcn symboli >fff» 111 pmrv the one tothe ri£bt reprewnti » modatly yoicedconioiiii'*. except for msirtnurrd fi. Sliididareas ii(ijuif irstculinoiisladgi-d to l« iiupossible.

CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)

Anterior dick releates (re^uire posteHor Stopi)	Voi<ed impk>iive»	I>e<tivcs
0    Bilabial fncated 1    Laminal alveolar fncated rdcntal"! | Apical (post)alveolar * abrupt ("retroflex") I    Laminal po»talve.Tar ■ abrupt {"palatal") ii latcra)aivcolar ^II    Fricated("lateral")	6 Btlahal Dental or ^w alveolar f Palatal (f Velar Cf UsmIjt	Inampki: P Bilabial Dental or ^1 alveolar k’ Vel*r _• Alwolor fricative

CONSONANTS (CO ARTICULATED)

A\ Voieelrss labiahzed vcl ar approximant W Voiced labtalized ve|jr jpproxim:ml l|    Vo«ced laUalizcd palatal jpproximant

C Voiceleispitlatalited postalwolar (akeolo palatal) fricatioe Z Voiced pilatalized post jlveolar (aIveok> palatal) tricative f)    Sunultsneous x and/ (disputed)

kp tS Affncates and double articulations may bejoined by a tie bjr

V0WE1S    SUPRASF.GMF.NTALS    tcwe

Front	Nearfront Central Neirbick Back		Pninnry stress	Eaclra stroi	lewi tonri		Contour-twir r»ump\V>
Close 1 \	v-i tu-Ul	u	, Secondary stres*	[foun/tifin]	e	1 Top	e	>1	Rising
NeareloK	\ I • Y l\ U • 0		Cl long	C’ Half-long	e	1 High	e		Fallmg
Close mid	e\0-9 \ 0-Y	0	6 Short	9 Lxtra slsort	e	4 Mid	S	1	High rising
Mld	\ ^3		. Śyllable break	Linkmg	e	4 Low	e	4	Low rising
Open mid	? 1 Li o >	0	INTONATION	<no break)	e	J Bottom	e	't	High fallmg
Mear open	a?\ b		1 Minor Ifootl break		7onr terror ity		e	4	Low fal ling
Oprn	a * er—*—a	D	|| Mapor (intonation)break		t	upstep	e		Peakmg
Vow*l% M nghl Si Wit of ł .nr rciii^Wil Si unrourKWd			/ Global rne	\ Global Fali	1	Downitep	e		Dtppmg

DIACRITICS °“^łorl,,r* '"-‘y ^hc l^>l«^fd abow a symbol with a dcsccndcr. a. Ą.

ivu Aiicmr * ■ n rxus		PHONAnON		PllV4A«VA«nCUt ATlOłl		jrco»«>A*Y AjtnruunoN
n j	Syllabic	')4	Voiceless or SUck voice		Dental	t^wd^w	Labiabzed	-O -X	Morę rounded
ęo	Non-syllabic	s d	Modni voice or Stiff vo»re	t d	Apical	V d^1	Palatalited	?r	less rounded
th	'r aspirated	na	breathy voice	ii	Laminal	t* d^v	Velarized	e ż	Hasalized
d"	Nasal release	n a	Crenky wice	ut	Advaixed	t^v d^v	Pfiaryngealized	y 3*	Rholicity
d^1	Literał release	n 3	Strident	i t	Ketracted	ł z	VcUr izedor płiaryngejljrrd	ę_o	Adeanced tongue rcot
t'	Noaudible release	nd	Linguolabial	i)	Centralized	iii	Mid centralized	?9	Retracted toneue root
	Lowered 1^ is a bilabial approxnn»it)			_ęj	Raised (,X is a voioed alswlar ncei-sibilait <ncałive, T a fricative trill)