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Fig. 38a. English'|au), position of tbe lipa at the beginning of articulation

Fig 38b. Knglish [ su ], position of the lips at the end of articulation

During the articulation of English [au] attention should be paid to the following:

(1)    [au] is a diphthong and not a long vowel; thus it must not be replaced by long [o:] (to and saw do not rhyme).

(2)    This being a diphtliong, the positions of the tongue, the lips and the degree of jaw opening are different at the beginning and at the end of articulation. The tongue, together with the lower jaw, should rise a iittle, and the lips should become morę rounded (Fig. 38a and b).

(3)    This is a narrow diphthong, i.e. the shift in tongue position is rather smali. For this reason the lip movement, which is reminiscent of a fish swallowing, is especially important.

(4)    Both the initial and finał elements differ from Polish o and u. Together with the morę gradual naturę of the tongue shift and the morę pronounced lip movement, this makes the diphthong quite unlike Polish ou.

In word-final position and before voiced consonants, [au] is quite long: no, go, so, Joe, toe, roe, foe, Pole, role, hole, whole, sole, mole, stole, bonę, stone, home, Romę, modę, ode, codę, grove, stove, nose, roae, pose coal. goal Joan, loan. foam. road, load. toad blown, own, flown, shown

Notę 1. Before yoiceless consonants [au] is somewhat shorter:

hope, pope, ropę, slope, coke, joke, yoke, smoke, spoke. broke, notę, vote boat, coat, goat, boast, toast, coast, coach, soap, cloak, oak, aoak

Compare the pairs:

road w rotę    robę ropę codę coat bodę boat ode oat

Notę 2. In ionger worek [au] is shortened accordin^y.

r

I I *M1I[ «4n

^1 ••'»i|i«rr the paire:
Mmm	Mony	poke	poker	Iow	lower	aoap	•ospy
Imw*	bony	joke	joker	dow	dower	load	loaded
*ilMT	doaeły	pole	polar	aow	aower	toast	toaater
Nut* 3.	[»u] must	be carefully differentiated from				to:]:
Mw	ao	law	Iow
	Joe	raw	n>e
Nh«w	Aow	paw	fot
«"*w	know	awe	oh
IWU	no	for	foe
Psuł	Pole	bali	bowl	hawl	hole	cali	coal
lawn	loan	tom	tonę	ahom	ahown	moum moan
lord	load	cord	codę	form	foam	hall	whole
Yoik	yoke	foric	folk	bom	bonę	po*	poke

N«*r 4. [»u] should be differentiated from [oi]. In (oi] the firet element I* fully back and raore open (like Polish o).

Ilirrc ig algo less lip movement:

l°r	Joe	boil	bowl	noise	noae
boy	bow	aoil	sole	toya	toea
toy	toe	join	Joan	boya	bow a
Roy	roe	coin	cone	choiee	chor

Notę 5. [u	:] and (au] should be dearly differentiated:
boot	boat	eool coal rude	road blew	biow
root	wrote	fool foal mood	modę erew	crow
moot	moat	nile role chooai	: chose flew	Sow
hoop	hope	pool Pole noon	known grew	RTOW
Notę 6. [a	u] and [i	iu] should also be differentiated:
now	no	out oat	foul foal	loud	load
noun	known	about a boat	pouch poach	couch	coach
ho w	hoe	now know	co w dow	owi	bowl
town	tonę	sow (n) sow (»)	row^1 row^5	found	phoned
Notę 7. 1	au] should be differentiated from (•:]:
goal	gid	tonę tum	own eam	bonę	bum
	sir	woke work	boaat bunt	coast	cuned