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3y6: ■ Lnng central e, Le. (a:]

Fig. 28. Poation of the lips

Fig. 27. English (»:), tongue position § 34. Despite the £act that in Polish there is no sound similar to this English vowel, ita articulation is not too complicated for the Polish student. The tongue and the lips are simply held in perfectly neutral positions, i.e. the lips are neither spread nor rounded, neither protruding nor drawn back, and the tongue is neither high (as it is for i, y, u), nor Iow (as for o), being neither in the front position (as for e) not in the back, retracted position (as for o), but remains in a mid central position, intermediate between e und u, between i and o, or between y and a The most e£fective method is to start with y, and by lowering the jaw and the tongue gradually towards the position of a, to stop half-way or slightly closer to y. Notkę that while lowering the tongue you should not move it front or you will produce e, or back, because you will obtain o If, with the correct tongue position, you round the lips, you will get German o ot French eu, and not Engfish [a:J. The vowel should also be given its proper length. The letter r is not pronounced when the vowel occurs before a consonant or before a pause:

fir, ar, stir, firm bird, whirt, gid, gird her, per, err, »erb, term, nerve, serve, herd, germ, Stern fur, ślur, biur, cur, cud, curb, curd, hud, burn, um, tum, urge Notę I. In the position before a voiceless consonant [»:] is slightly reduced in length:

t, purse, curae.

fi rat, shirt, dirt, flirt, birch, verse, perch, jerk, chirp, burst, nurse church, lurch, turf, Turk, hiric

' “mpare the paiis:

fur fint cur curse term turf bird bunt purr purse

N»lr 2. In longer words, especially if followed by voiceless consonants, l» | in also somewhat shorter:

dlrty, turkey, fu mi*, mercy, curtain, certain, VergJ, perfect, purpoee, purgatory ( ..uii|uiri- the paira:

■liii ilirty    girl girii&h    curt curtsey bum bumi*

|Hinte purgatory purr permanent

l«

ki I* l

HI l*¹

l*’] >	should not be confused with [e]
bed	bird	heli	huri
ten	tum	feU	furi
Ben	bum	tepid	turpid
bad	bird	flat	flirt
tan	tum	lack	lurk
patch perch			germ
had	herd	hat	hurt
cat	curt	ban	bum
bid	bird	will	whiri
tin	tum	fiat	fint
hit	hurt	hill	huri
Mck	huk	gili	girl
tam	tum	bard	bird
hard	herd	bart	hurt
part	pert	iark	lurk
bid	bed	bird	tin	ten
hill	heli	huri	pit	pet
will	wefl	whiri	big	b«g
bad	bed	bird	tan	ten
ban	Ben	bum	jam	gem
P«‘	P*	pert	land	lend
hat	hit	hurt	lack	lkk
bad	bid	bud	tan	tin
hed	hid	herd	patcb	pitch
Jam	Jim	germ	ban	bm
tan	tum	tam	had	herd
P*<	pert	part	lack	lurk
bad	bird	bard	ban	bum

be”

lurk

iii m

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