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u b. Long u, L«. (u:)

Fig. 21. Engiiifi |u:|, longue poation

Fig. 22. Position of the lipa

§ 27. Similar to the Polish u, this vowel is longer, especially in a word-finał poation and before voiced consonants, when it sounds like two occurrences merged into one sound uu. Moreover, the lip rounding is very strong (see Fig. 22), and the lips are protruding:

loo, zoo, moo, boo, coo, school, tool, fool, soon, spoon, moon, cool, roof, food Mew, chew, erew, grew. Je w, ehrew, brew, siew, strew, acrew blue, tnie, glue, clue, nile, bmte, pmne, flute, June

§ 28. A retnark on the spelling of [u:]. With the vowel8 discussed so far, the spelling was reasonahly unambiguous in that a given spelling generally indicated the same voweł sound. However in the case of [u) and [u:J, the spelling with oo poses a diffkulty because, for example, foot, good, toot are pronounced with short’ [u], whereas fool, food or moot have 'long' [u:]. The only sołution here is to memorize the vowel in such words as they crop up. The spellings ew, eu clearły indicate [u:]. Also when preceded by [j], the vowel is always [u:], except weak forms of you, or such words as duriitg ['djuarń]], pure, etc.

§ 29. Notę 1. When [u:] occurs after [j] it forms a glide [ju:J:

due, aue, uae. Łiae, tune, mule, tubę, cube, cute, mute, fume, feud, dew, fe new, knew, pew

consonants and longer

Notę 2. [u:], [ju:J are shorter before ' before voiced consonants.

root rude moot mood

use (n.) use (v.) (jura) |ju:z]

Not* 3. [«:], [ja:] are ■yllables.

Cmnpare:

fool foolish fooliahy

somewhat shortened in words of two or morę

mood moody moodiness

musie, pupil, duty, unit, tulip, humid, lunie, stupid, cupid, booty, gloomy, ruby, mnie, truły

Not* 4. [u:] differs from [u] not only in length but also in sound quality. Krom the point of view of articulation, [u:] is a little higher than [u], and Ul* lips are morę rounded and strongly protruded: fuli fool puli pool should shoed look Lukę good food soot suit

Not* 5. [u:] should be clearly differentiated from [o:]. Apart from the dlfłnrent tongue position, [u:] bas strong lip rounding and protrusion, •tul the lower jaw is raised slightly during its articulation, which results t« ■ nhort diphthongal glide. By contrast, during [o:] the lips are less Mliiitgly rounded, without any protrusion, and the lower jaw is motionless, lif |" | is a very stable vowel:

IllOod Miud    Jew jaw

łlu* daw    drew draw

Sporni spawn    cod cali

c. Exercises for the vowda [u], (u:| and (o|, |oc)

•h* Apply the above information to the pronunciation of the following. with [_uj;

IM. wool, fully, bullet, bush, foot, put, soot, brook, cook with [u:]:

i*, erew, rule, cooL, pnine, moon, chew, Jew, rude, niby, moody, gloomy [of words with [u] and [u:] contrasted:

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