87643 Zdjęcie676

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l K H. Bauer: Analiza związków organicznych. War-1957.

« E, Berger: Istorija razwiiija tiechniki masljanoj ziwo--rf. Traktat de Mayerna „Piktoria, sculptorla et quae su-Sternarum artium” (tłumaczenie rosyjskie). 1920.

1Ń. Błok: Jakościowa analiza chemiczna. Warszawa

igl

i A. Bolland: Mikrochemia. Kraków 1918.

I Z. G 8 r 1 i c h: Metody chromatograficzne w analizie Bineratów. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne. Warszawa 1957.

6.    I. M. K o r e n m a n: Mikrokristalloskopija. „Gosudar-stwiennoje Nauczno-Tiechniczeskoje Izdatielstwo Chimicze-skoj Litieratury". Moskwa 1955.

7.    E. Leder er, M. Leder er:    Chromatography,

Amsterdam-London-New York 1957.

8.    Chromatografia. Warszawa 1957.

9.    Słownik towaroznawczy, t I. Warszawa 1952.

10.    N. Tan a na je w: Analiza kroplowa. Warszawa 1956.

11.    K. We hi te: Werkstoffe und Techniker 'ter Malereu Havensburg 1967.

Zbigniew Brochwicz

THE BISMUTH TECHNIQUE

In the bismuth tcchniąue therc is as a componcnt a meta-lic bismuth obtained from bismuth salts, - by dismlssing Ihem by the way of wet proceeding. The metalic bismuth haa been prepared by the following mcthod: 50 g Bi/NO,/, ■ 5HjO by submerging 10 ml concentrated HC1, adding 100 ml H,0 and 150 ml 25°/o HC1. The whole, has been dilu-ted by adding to the solution 500 ml of water. A piece zlnc łin has been put into solution, and left there for about two hours. From the solution gets-out black grey spongy mass of metalic bismuth. After the end of reactlon, the solution has been pourcd out, leaving only the sediment at the bottom of the vessel, then the sediment should be thorough-ly rinsed with the water ,to complete removal of HCL Weil washed out bismuth, must be kept in a dark bottle with a wide opening, in diluted etyhylic alcohol (1:1), Reduccd metalic bismuth may be rocehred, by other methods as well, for instance:

a) by working on BI/NO,/, • 5H,0 in alcaline environment, with the zinc chlorure-SnCl.,

b) by the means of Nylander reaction, applied to identlfy the rcducing sugars.

The reduced bismuth is ground together with 5% solution of gelatine ,tli eh spread in 2—3 layers with the soft fiat brush onto white ground and polished glue coat with freely chosen filier, (chalk, alabaster, white "bolus”, zinc etc. The zinc white is best to apply into a mix with other pigments. After the colours dried, they are polished with agate or another gild-smoother. The polished layers have to be then isolated agalnst ąn activity of HjS by the use of weak varnishes. Sulphuric hydrogen blackens unisolated bismuth layers in conseguence of changing metal into black bismuth sulphur-BI,S,. On polished bismut coats several pictorial elaborations may be done, the best is to use distemper paint, but all precautions must be used, as the surface could be destroyed by water. The bismuth layers after polishing mav be „puncowane” too, like in an old goldsmith's trade technłąue. which had been used in old times for manu-facturing caskets, boxes and other artistic fancy goods. Shining surfaces of finished thls way things imitate dis-tlnctly the work of metal.

3BHFHI1E.B BPOXBH^lI

BHCMYTHAfl TEXHHKA

B HiicMyTiiofi TexiuiKe MaTepiiaaoM mumcTcn MeTaAAimecKiift BucuyT, KOTopufl nonyuaeTCH c coacu DłicMym nyTCM nx pe-/•yKuim na cupofi aopore.

MeTanamecKiifi micMyr npiiroTODAiiCTcn CACAyiomiiM odpaaoM: 60 rpauMoo Bi(NO,)j • 5H,0 3a.imiacTc>i 10 mm iiacumeiuioro HC1, noTOM AofiauancTcn 100 mm H_tO ii 150 mm 25% HC1. He-•ioe pa3Gnn/nieTCH 500 mm boau. B pncmop nKAHAunnercii KycoK limiKoaofi wccrbii, Koropuft nago ocrnmiTb na gon Mffcn. C pacraopa BbinaAacT cepoHepiimi ryduncraa Macca MCMAmi* necKoro DiicMyTa. nocne okoiiuoiiiih pcaKium pncmop nn.no c.niiiąrb ima ociiakoh, hotom ocaAKy npoMUTb iioaoA, HTodbi yAjJłiijTb MCI, Xopouio npoMUTbifi micMyr coxpjuinCTCH u reM-Hofi; dyTunne o miipoKOM ropauuiKc u pacTuopeimoM stiiaao-nog AAbKorone (1:1).

MeTajiflHwecKiiii. pejiyniipoimimufi imcMyT mojkiio iio.iiy>iim. u jjpyniMii MetoARMii,- a iimgiiiio:    a

а)    AeftcrnoiiaiuiCM i<a Bi(NO,), • 5H,0 n menci-woA cpivie uiopiiAOM oaoiui — SNClj.

б)    ytiorpcGatui pcflKiuuo Huaniuiepa, Kompyio ynorpeOnniOT k HAeiiTiidniKuuiiii rntcci aiiaiiaiiBaiouuix cnxupou.

PcAymipouaimufi uiicmyt pacmpaeTcn c 5% pacruopoM łKwia-i mia/'n' noTOM kasactca b 2—3 cnoax MurKofi, nnocKoń. nono-cmmofi KiicTeft im denuA, oiianiipoBaHiiwił.^ncneenbift pacmop e modoM iianoAiiiiTc.nOM (mca, mnc, Ge-iwu (Jbnioc, onoBumibie Gt-mina lim. OAOBAiinuę d&iuaa xopouib- npiiMeiiaT b cmccii c ApyriiMii KpaciiTeAflMii). TIocac nbicoxnytbn amx Kpacon hx npAiipyoTCH npi| noMoum ar ara hau Apyrii.Y uiAit<J)Ot«aAbmjx na> nilAbllllKOB AAH AOApTItAbimiKOII.

OrnoAiipouaiuibie caoii nago iiotom HSOAiiponaTb or achctbiih HtS upii noMoimi toiuux aukou. CcpouoAopoA nibineiCH npuuii-i.oił 'lepiiemin i(eii30AHpooauiłux cAoen UHCMyTa, noTOMy »ito mctaaa nepexoAHT h Mcpiiufł cyAb(j)iiA uucMyta — BiiS,.

Ha omoAuponamibix caohx uucuyra moikho Aeaarb paanbie >KiiDoniicmdc oOpućoTKii Ayuiuc ucero npn nououui rcMiicpu, no II&AO STO At* lATb OCropo*HO, MTOflW BO BpCMR IlHCailllU K6 HC-IIOpTIlTI. IIOI|ppXIIOCTU UOAOft.

..Gaoii liucMyra nócAe otnoAiipouaiinn mojkiio -tojkc nym^iiarb TOK K8K ACAailO STO U Api‘UIIIIX TCXHHKnX 30AOTHAblUUKOB.

B Apeninie upoMii sTa TexiuiKa Ciw.ia iipu»eH>io.\iaH k odpa-ooTKe uiK&TyAOK ii Apyrofl x\AO>KpcTiiennoft rahairrepułi.

THUUIC nOUt*pXHOCTH Ol)paCOTailllblX 3THM MOTOAOM lipeAMCTOO OTMOTAHBO HMlITlipOBiMll H3AŁVIHJ1 113 MCtaAAa.

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