42781

•    Deklaracja o prawach osób należących do mniejszości narodowych lub etnicznych, religijnych i językowych (1992r.)

•    Deklaracja o eliminacji przemocy wobec kobiet (1993r.);

2. Mechanizmy i sposoby ochrony praw człowieka: o Rights International

° Internationa] Red Cross : http://www.icrc.otg/eng/index.jsp is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and healdi, to ensure respect for all human beings. and to prevent and alleviate human suffering witliout any discrimination based on nationality, race, sex, religious beliefs. class or political opinions.

The often-heard term International Red Cross is actually a misnoiner, as no ofhcial organizatton as such exists bearing tliat name. In reality, tlie movement consists of several distinct organizations diat are legally independent from each otlier, but are united witlun the Movement through common basie principles, objectives, symbols, statutes and goveming organs. The Movemenfs patts:

•    The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland, by Henry DunanL Its 25-member committee has a unique authonty under international humanitarian law to protect the life and dignity of the victims of international and intemal armed conflicts. The ICRC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on ihree occasions (in 1917, 1944 and 1963).

•    The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) was founded in 1919 and today it coordinates activities between tlie 186 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies witlun the MovemenL On an international level, the Federation leads and organizes, in close cooperation with tlie National Societies. relief assistance missions responding to large-scale emetgencies. The International Federation Secretariat is based in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1963, the Federation (then known as the League of Red Cross Societies) was awarded tlie Nobel Peace Prize joindy with die ICRC.

•    National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies exist in nearly every country in die world Currendy 186 National Societies are recognized by die ICRC and admitted as fuli members of die Federation. Each entity works in its home country according to die principles of intemational humanitarian law and the stamtes of die international MovemenL Depending on tlieir specific citcumstances and capacities, National Societies can take on additional humanitarian tasks tliat are not direedy defined by international humanitarian law or die mandates of die international MovemenL In many countries, they are tiglidy linked to the respective national healdi care system by providing emetgency medical services.

° International League of Human Rights : http://www.ilhr.org = human rights organization with headąuarters in New York City.

Claiming to be die oldest human rights organization in the United States, the 1LH R defines its mission as "defending human rights advocates who risk their lives to ptomote the ideals of a just and civil society in tlieir homelands."

The ILH R liad its origins in the Ligue [pour la defense] des droits de 1’homme et du citoyen, founded in France in the late nineteenth century. The group was reconstituted in New York in 1942 by European refugees and Roger Nash Baldwin, founder of the American Civil Liberties Union, and was known until 1976 as die Intemational League for die Rights of Man. In 1947, die league was granted consultatwe status with die United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), giving it die right to testify before diat body about human rights abuses.

The President is Robert Arsenault, and the Executive Director is Louise Kantrow.

„Tlie Intemational League for Human Rights has worked to keep human rights at die forefront of intemational affairs and to give meaning and effect to die human rights values enshrined in intemational human rights treaties and conventions. The League's special mission for 65 years has been defending individual human rights advocateswho have risked dieir lives to promote the ideals of a just and civil society in dieir homelands.''

° Global Witness: http://www.globalwitness.oig/

Global Witness is an intemational NGO established in 1993 diat works to break die links between natural