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Tautology and contradiction
A compound statement that is always true, regardless of what
trułh values are assigned to its statement variables, is called a
tautology or a logie law. Such a statement is logically true.
A compound statement that is always false, regardless ofwhat
truth values are assigned to its statement variables, is called a
contradiction. Such a statement is logically false.
List of the most important tautologies (logie laws):
(1) p <=>p, p =>p (the identity law for equivalence and implication)
(2) (p =>q) <=>( ~q =>~p) (the contrapositive law)
(3) p 1/(t?) (law of ”the excluded center”)
(4) ~\p /1(7?)] (law of contradiction)
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