117828197

Ada Chromatographica 21(2009)3, 1-18 DOI: 10.1556/AChrom.21.2009.3.9

GC-MS Study of the Performance of Different Techniąues for Isolating the Volatile Fraction from Sagę (Salvia L.) Species, and Comparison of Seasonal Differences in the Composition

of this Fraction

M. Sajewicz¹, J. Rzepa¹, M. Hajnos², Ł. Wojtal¹, D. Staszek¹,

T. Kowalska¹, and M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos³*

•Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, Katowice, Poland ²Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin,

1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublia Poland ³Department of lnorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin,

6 Staszica Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland E-mail: [e-mail]

Summary. Application of chemotaxonomy to the plant kingdom can be regarded as a futurę challenge to the traditional binomial classification system. Construction of a classifi-cation system based on the Chemical composition of plants has only recently become possible with the development of sophisticated chromatographic and hyphenated tech-niques. Successful chemotaxonomy can, however, be achieved only if sufficient experi-mental evidence is collected confirming the reproducibility of the Chemical composition of plant species (irrespective of the specimen, its growing season, location of the collec-tion site, etc.). The objective of this study was to compare, by use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) the efficiency of isolation of volatile com-pounds from five different Salvia L. (sagę) species (S. lauandulifblia, S. staminea, S. hians, S. triloba, and S. nemorosa) by use of four different techniques [head-space extraction at 70 and 80°C, vapour distillation in a Deryng apparatus, and accelerated solvent extrac-tion (ASE)]. We also compared the composition of the volatile fractions of these species collected during two different seasons (2007 and 2008). It was established that the composition of the volatile fractions is very dependent on the species considered and, in a much less pronounced way, on the growing season. This statement is valid irrespective of the technique used to isolate the volatile compounds from the plant matrix. The seasonal reproducibility of the compounds regarded as chemotaxonomic markers and chemotaxonomic advice compounds (and the repeated absence of such compounds from a species) makes the volatile fraction suitable for chemotaxonomic evaluation of sagę. Finally, it was shown that head-space extraction of the volatile fraction at 70°C was the best extraction technique for the purposeof this study.

Key Words: sagę (Salvia L.) species, volatile compounds, head-space GC-MS, Deryng vapour distillation, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), chemotaxonomy

0231-2522 © 2009 Akademiai Kiadó, Budapest