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Critical Editions of the New Testament Edycje
krytyczne z Nowego Testamentu
Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum
*
* The
*
Das Neue Testament auf Papyrus
*
United Bible Societies Edition
*
*
Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum
*
*
* W "Nestle" tekst:
|
Das Neue Testament auf Papirus
*
*
United Bible Societies Edition
*
Summary: A
of the Various Editions Podsumowanie:
różnych wersji
Appendix:
Dodatek:
Introduction Wprowadzenie
Karl Lachmann (1793-1851) broke with the
in 1831. Karl Lachmann (1793-1851) wybuchła z
w 1831 roku. This, then, was the first "critical edition" of the New Testament -- an edition compiled using specific
rules based on the readings of a significant selection of important manuscripts. Ta, a potem, był pierwszym "krytyczne
wydanie" z Nowego Testamentu - wydanie przy zastosowaniu szczególnych zasad w oparciu o odczyty z istotnej selekcji
ważnych rękopisów. Since then, many others have appeared. Od tego czasu pojawiły się wiele innych. Some of these
(Lachmann's own, and that of his younger contemporary Tregelles) are now almost completely obscure. Niektóre z nich
(Lachmann własnych, a jego młodszy współczesnej Tregelles) są obecnie prawie całkowicie niejasnych. Others -- notably
those of Westcott and Hort and the United Bible Societies -- have exercised great influence. Inni - zwłaszcza westcott i
Hort i Zjednoczone Towarzystwa Biblii - skorzystały wielki wpływ.
Ideally, a critical edition will include an apparatus supplying information about how the readings were decided upon.
Najlepiej, krytyczne wydanie będzie zawierać informacje dotyczące dostawach aparatury, jak odczyty były zadecydowała.
There are, however, critical editions (eg that of
) which do not include such information. Istnieją jednak
wydań krytycznych (np., że w
które nie zawierają takich informacji. The list below describes most of the
's vital eighth edition. Z listy poniżej opisano większość wydań od
's istotne
wydanie ósme.
Aland:
Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum Aland: streszczenie Quattuor
Evangeliorum
Editor. Text and apparatus edited by Kurt Aland. Edytor. Tekst aparaturą i edytowane przez Kurt Aland.
Date of Publication. The first edition appeared in 1963. Data publikacji. Pierwsza edycja ukazała się w 1963 roku. A
revised edition, listed as the fourth, appeared in 1967; another revised edition, the ninth, came out in 1976. A wydanie
poprawione, wymienione jako czwarty, pojawiły się w 1967 roku, poprawione wydanie innego, dziewiąty, wyszedł w 1976
roku. The final major revision, the thirteenth, was published in 1985. Końcowego poważne zmiany, trzynastego, została
opublikowana w 1985 roku. The first three major editions (officially listed as the first through twelfth) use the same basic
arrangement of the text; the revisions took place primarily in the apparatus. Pierwszych trzech głównych wydaniach
(oficjalnie jako pierwszy poprzez dwunastego) używają tego samego podstawowego układ tekstu; zmiany miały miejsce
przede wszystkim w aparacie. The thirteenth edition entirely recast the work; a new text was adopted and a new
apparatus created. Trzynaste wydanie całkowicie zmienione pracy; nowy tekst został przyjęty i nowe aparaty stworzone.
The structure of the synopsis was unchanged, but otherwise it was an entirely new publication. Struktura streszczenie
została niezmieniona, ale inaczej było zupełnie nowych publikacji.
The Text. The text of the first twelve editions is essentially that of the
. Tekstowe. Tekst
pierwszych dwunastu edycjach jest, że
With the thirteenth edition, the text was
Nestle-Aland editions 26th edition
. Z trzynastego wydanie, treść została dostosowana do
meczu, że z
Nestle-Aland wydania 26-szy wydanie.
The Aland
Synopsis
is one of the more substantial now available. Alandzkich
Synopsis
jest jednym z bardziej znaczące
już dostępna. All four gospels are presented in full, and there is a complete text of the Gospel of Thomas (in Latin,
English, and German; neither Coptic nor Greek texts are offered!). Wszystkie cztery Ewangelie są prezentowane w całości,
a istnieje pełny tekst Ewangelii Tomasza (w języku łacińskim, angielskim i niemieckim; ani Koptyjski ani greckie teksty są
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oferowane!). The critical apparatus is also more than usually complete; an apparatus is usually supplied wherever a
passage is cited, not just at its "main" appearance. Krytycznych aparatura jest również bardziej niż zwykle pełna; aparat
dostarczany jest zwykle tam, gdzie przejście jest cytowane, a nie tylko na jej "głównym" wygląd. In addition, the
apparatus gives a fairly full list of variants -- many more than are found in the equivalent editions of the Nestle-Aland text,
and not limited simply to harmonization variants. Ponadto, urządzenie daje dość pełna lista wariantów - o wiele więcej niż
można znaleźć w wydaniach równoważne z Nestle-Aland tekst, a nie ogranicza się jedynie do harmonizacji warianty. While
SQE
will not allow the student to completely reconstruct the cited manuscripts (especially the minuscules), it includes
enough data to allow a valid comparison of the various text-types. Chociaż
SQE
nie pozwoli studentowi całkowicie
zrekonstruować cytowana rękopisy (zwłaszcza małymi literami), zawiera wystarczających danych, aby umożliwić
prawidłową porównanie różnych rodzajów tekstu. (This cannot be said of NA
27
!) (To nie można powiedzieć o NA
27!)
For compactness,
SQE
uses the same set of critical symbols as the
text (for details, see the picture in that article).
Dla zwartości,
SQE
wykorzystuje ten sam zestaw symboli krytyczne jak
tekst (szczegóły patrz rysunek w tym
artykule).
Unfortunately, the apparatus does have its drawbacks. Niestety, urządzenie ma swoje wady. (We are now referring
specifically to the recent editions, from the thirteenth on.) For one thing, it has a high number of errors (most of them
seemingly errors of the press; these are slowly being corrected). (Jesteśmy teraz konkretnie odnoszący się do ostatnich
wydań, od trzynastego dnia.) Po pierwsze, ma ona dużą liczbę błędów (większość z nich z pozoru błędy prasy; te powoli
się sprostowanie). The selection of witnesses is also questionable. Doboru świadków jest również wątpliwa. The Byzantine
text of the uncial era, for instance, is represented by four manuscripts, EFG H. All of these, it should be noted, belong to
the K
x
recension. Bizantyjskiej uncial tekst z epoki, na przykład, jest reprezentowana przez cztery rękopisy, EFG H.
Wszystkie te należy zauważyć, należą do K
x
rewizja. Thus, although there are
more
Byzantine witnesses than in the
Nestle-Aland edition (which offers only K and G ), they offer less diversity (of the witnesses in Nestle-Aland, K is a
member of Family P , while G is K
x
). Tak więc, chociaż istnieją
bardziej
świadków niż bizantyjski w Nestle-Aland
wydanie (która oferuje tylko K i G), które oferują mniejsze zróżnicowanie (na świadków w Nestle-Aland, K jest członkiem
rodziny P, natomiast G jest K
x
). The new minuscules are also an odd lot. Nowych małymi literami są również składać się
z nieparzystej partii. Why would anyone make 1006 (purely Byzantine) an explicitly cited witness, while omitting 1241
(arguably the most Alexandrian minuscule of Luke)? Dlaczego ktoś Marka 1006 (czysto bizantyjski) An wyraźnie powołano
świadków, a pomijając 1241 (zapewne większość z aleksandryjski minuscule Luke)? As a final note, we should observe
that while
SQE
cites many member of Family 1 (1 and 209, as well as 205, 1582, 2542 not cited explicitly as members of
the family) and Family 13 (13, 69, 346, 543, 788, 983; note that the best family witness, 826, is omitted), it cites them in
such a way that the readings of the individual manuscripts can only be determined when the manuscript is cited explicitly
(that is, if -- say -- 346 is not cited explicitly on either side of a reading, it may agree either with f
13
or Na zakończenie,
należy zauważyć, że podczas
SQE
przytacza wiele członkiem Rodzina 1 (1 i 209, jak również 205, 1582, 2542 nie
powołano się wyraźnie jako członkowie rodziny) oraz Rodzina 13 (13, 69, 346, 543 , 788, 983; pamiętać, że najlepsze
rodziny świadka, 826, została pominięta), nie wymienia ich w taki sposób, aby odczyty poszczególnych rękopisów może
być określona tylko wtedy, gdy występuje wyraźnie rękopisu (to jest, jeżeli - mówią - 346 nie jest wyraźnie powołano się
po obu stronach do czytania, nie może zgodzić się ani z
13 lub
f ).
To sum up,
SQE
is a good synopsis with a useful critical apparatus, but one should take care not to rely upon it too
heavily (due both to its inaccuracies and its slightly biased presentation of the evidence). Podsumowując,
SQE
jest dobre
streszczenie z pożytecznym aparatu krytycznego, ale należy zatroszczyć się o nie oprzeć się na nim zbyt mocno (zarówno
ze względu na jego nieścisłości i jej nieco tendencyjne przedstawienie dowodów).
Bover
Editor. Text and apparatus edited by José Maria Bover, SJ Edytor. Tekst aparaturą i edytowanych przez Bover José Maria
SJ
Date of Publication. The first edition,
Novi Testamenti Biblia Graeca et Latina
appeared in 1943. Data publikacji.
Wydanie pierwsze,
Novi testamenti Biblia graeca et Latina
pojawił się w 1943 roku. The first four editions (1943-
1959) are essentially identical; the fifth edition of 1977 and following (revised by José O'Callaghan Martínez) is slightly
different, but primarily in the area of the parallel texts. Pierwsze cztery edycje (1943-1959) są zasadniczo identyczne; piąte
wydanie z 1977 r. oraz następujące (poprawione przez José O'Callaghan Martínez) jest nieco inna, ale przede wszystkim w
obszarze równoległym tekstów.
The Text. The Latin text of Bover, until the fifth edition, is simply the Clementine Vulgate (in the fifth edition the Neo-
Vulgate was substituted and a Spanish version added). Do tekstu. Łaciński tekst Bover, aż do piątej edycji, jest po prostu
Clementine Wulgaty (w piątej edycji Neo-Wulgaty został zastąpiony i hiszpańskiej wersji językowej dodaje). Thus the Latin
text has no critical value. W ten sposób łaciński tekst nie ma wartości krytycznych.
The Greek text is somewhat more reputable. Tekst w języku greckim jest nieco bardziej renomowanych. It is a fairly
typical Twentieth Century product, compiled eclectically but with a clear preference for Alexandrian readings (though not
as strong a preference as is found in the
and
United Bible Societies Edition
editions). Jest to dość typowy
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produkt XX wieku, opracowywane eclectically ale z wyraźną preferencją dla aleksandryjski odczytów (choć nie tak silne
preferencje co znajduje się w
Wielka Biblii Societies Edition
wydań). It has been esteemed by some for
its balanced critical attitudes; others might view it as having no clear guiding principle. Została ona ceniona przez
niektórych za jego zrównoważone krytycznej postawy, a inne mogą go zobaczyć, jak nie mają jasnych naczelną zasadą.
The Apparatus. Bover's Latin text has no apparatus at all (from the critic's standpoint, there is really no reason for it to
be there), and the Greek apparatus is limited. Aparatu. Bover's Latin tekst aparaturą nie ma w ogóle (z krytykiem jego
punktu widzenia, nie ma naprawdę żadnego powodu, aby ją tam), greckiej i aparatury jest ograniczony. Bover's manuscript
data, like that of
, comes almost entirely from von Soden. Bover's rękopis danych, podobnie, jak
prawie w całości z von Soden. Like Merk, Bover cites a few manuscripts discovered since von Soden's time (papyri up to
, including the Beatty papyri; uncials up to 0207; a few of the minuscules up to 2430, plus a modest handful of
lectionaries). Podobnie jak Merk, Bover przytacza kilka rękopisów odkrytych ponieważ von Soden czas (papirusy do
tym Beatty papirusy; uncials do 0207; kilka z małymi literami aż do 2430, plus garść lectionaries skromne).
In construction Bover's apparatus strongly resembles
's, using essentially the same manuscript groupings and much
the same set of symbols. W budowie aparatury Bover's mocno nawiązuje
's, przy użyciu tej samej zasadzie rękopisu
grupy i wiele ten sam zestaw symboli. (For an example, see the entry on
). (Na przykład, patrz wpis na
The
most significant difference between the two in their presentation of the data is that Bover also lists the readings of the
various editions -- T=Tischendorf, S=von Soden, V=Vogels, L=Lagrange (Gospels, Romans, Galatians only), M=Merk,
H=Westcott & Hort (h=Hort's margin; (H)=Hort's text against the margin); W=Weiss; J=Jacquier (Acts only), C=Clark
(Acts only), A=Allo (1 Cor., Rev. only). Najbardziej znacząca różnica pomiędzy tymi dwoma w ich prezentacji danych jest
to, że Bover wymienia także odczyty z różnych wydaniach - T = Tischendorf, S = von Soden, V = Vogels, L = Lagrange
(Ewangelie, Rzymian, Galatów tylko) , M = Merk, H = & westcott Hort (h = Hort marża; (H) = Hort tekstu z marginesu),
W = Weiss; J = Jacquier (Akty tylko), C = Clark (Akty tylko), A = Allo (1 Kor., Rev tylko).
These critical editions also define the apparatus; Bover only offers manuscript information at points where the critical
editions disagree. Tych krytycznych wydań również zdefiniować aparat; Bover tylko rękopis oferuje informacje w punktach,
gdzie krytyczne edycje zgadzam. His apparatus is thus much more limited than that of
or even
. Jego
aparatura jest zatem znacznie bardziej ograniczony niż w
nawet
It also shares the defects one would expect
from a work based on von Soden: Many of the collations are inaccurate or imperfectly reported (for details, see the entry
). Podziela ona również wady można było oczekiwać od pracy w oparciu o von Soden: Wiele z collations są
niedokładne lub dlatego sprawozdawczości (szczegóły w punkcie wejścia na
Bover's transcription of von Soden is
somewhat more careful (and often more explicit) than Merk's, and is therefore perhaps slightly more reliable. Bover's
Transkrypcja von Soden jest nieco bardziej ostrożny (i często bardziej wyraźne) niż Merk, a zatem być może nieco bardziej
wiarygodne. It is, however, less full even for the readings it contains -- citing, eg, fewer fathers (the introduction does not
even list the fathers cited!) and fewer versions. Ważne jest jednak, nawet dla mniej pełne odczyty zawiera - zacytowanie,
np. mniej ojców (wprowadzenie nawet nie powołano listę ojców!) I mniejsze wersje. And Bover has recast Von Soden's
groupings a bit -- instead of having five sets of witnesses (for Gospels, Acts, Paul, Catholics, Apocalypse), he uses the
same groupings for Acts, Paul, and Catholics. I Bover jest przekształcenie grupy Von Soden's a bit - zamiast o pięciu
świadków (na Ewangelie, Dz, Paul, katolicy, Apocalypse), że używa tego samego ugrupowania do ustawy, Paul, i
katolików. This is reasonable in one sense -- the groupings for the three are fairly similar -- but it makes it harder to use
the apparatus, as one is always having to look up exceptions (eg 1739 files with H in Paul, but I in the other two). Jest to
uzasadnione w pewnym sensie - dla grup trzy są dość podobne - ale to utrudnia korzystanie z aparatury, jako jedna jest
zawsze zwyżkować mają wyjątki (np. 1739 plików z H w Pawła, ale w dwóch pozostałych). Also, a warning for those with
older eyes: The typeface (at least in some editions) is rather unsuitable for the purpose; the symbols | and ] -- keys to
understanding the apparatus -- are almost indistinguishable. Również ostrzeżenie dla tych ze starszymi oczami: W czcionki
(przynajmniej w niektórych wydaniach) jest raczej nieprzydatne dla celów; symbole | i] - klucz do zrozumienia aparatu -
jest prawie nierozpoznawalny.
Hodges & Farstad Hodges & Farstad
Editors. Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad Redaktorów. Zane i Arthur C. Hodges l. Farstad
Date of Publication. The first edition,
The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text,
appeared in
1982. Data publikacji. Wydanie pierwsze,
Grecki Nowy Testament Według większości tekstu,
ukazał się w 1982
roku. A slightly revised second edition appeared in 1985. A nieco zmienionej druga edycja ukazała się w 1985 roku.
The Text. Unlike most critical editions, that of Hodges and Farstad does not attempt to reconstruct the original text on
the basis primarily of the earliest manuscripts. Tekstowe. Odróżnieniu od większości wydań krytycznych, że Hodges i
Farstad nie próba rekonstrukcji pierwotnego tekstu głównie na podstawie rękopisów najwcześniej. Rather, it assumes that
the Byzantine Majority text is the original text, and reconstructs this text. Przeciwnie, zakłada ona, że tekst Większości
Bizantyjskiej jest tekst oryginalny, a rekonstrukcja tego tekstu. For the most part, this is done by "counting noses" --
looking for the reading which has the highest number of supporters (which in the gospels often becomes a matter of
printing the reading of K
x
). W większości przypadków jest to zrobione przez "liczenia wykrywaczy zapachu" - szukamy na
czytaniu, które ma największą liczbę kibiców (które w Ewangelii często staje się sprawą drukowania czytania K
x).
In the
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Apocalypse and the story of the Adulteress, however, H & F resort in a limited way to stemmatics, meaning that they print
a few readings which, although well-supported, are not
the
majority reading. W Apokalipsie i opowieść o cudzołożną
jednak, H & M w ośrodku ograniczony sposób stemmatics, co oznacza, że wydrukować kilka odczytów, które, chociaż
dobrze obsługiwany, nie są
w większości
czytania.
It should be noted that Hodges and Farstad did not assemble their text based on manuscript collations; rather, for the
most part they simply followed Von Soden's K text and its subgroups (which, in their edition, is denoted Należy zauważyć,
że Hodges i Farstad nie zbierzemy ich w oparciu o tekst rękopisu collations, lecz w większości są po prostu von Soden's K
tekstu i jej podgrup (który, w ich wydanie, oznaczone jest when entirely unified and M when a portion of the type
defects). gdy całkowicie i ujednoliconym M, gdy część rodzaju wady). Thus the edition may not always represent the
actual majority text. Zatem wydanie może nie zawsze reprezentuje rzeczywistą większość tekstu. Even so, H & F is the
only edition of the Byzantine text-form to have an apparatus of any sort. Tak, H & M jest tylko wydanie w formie tekstu
bizantyjskiego mieć jakiegokolwiek rodzaju aparatury. This makes it useful to anyone who wishes to examine the strength
and depth of the Byzantine tradition. To sprawia, że przydatne dla każdego, kto pragnie zbadać siłę i głębię z tradycji
bizantyjskiej. (The critic does
not
have to subscribe to the editors' theories to find the edition useful.) The edition also
serves as a useful demonstration that the Byzantine text-type, although more united than any other known type, is not
the monolithic entity its opponents sometimes make it out to be. (Krytyk
nie
musi zapisać się do redakcji "teorie znaleźć
wydanie przydatne.) Wydanie służy również jako przydatne wykazanie, że tekst typu bizantyjskiego, jednakże bardziej
zjednoczona niż jakikolwiek inny znany typ, nie jest podmiotem jej monolityczny czasem je tegenstanders się być.
The Apparatus. The H & F text has two apparatus. Aparatu. H & M ma dwie tekst aparaturą. The first, and more
important for the editors' purposes, is the apparatus of variants within the Byzantine tradition. Pierwszy, i bardziej ważne
dla redaktorów "celów, to aparat z wariantów w tradycji bizantyjskiej. Here the editors list places where the Byzantine
tradition divides, even noting some of the strands identified by Von Soden (eg H & F's M
r
is von Soden's K
r
; their M
c
is
von Soden's K
c
, etc.) They also note the variant readings of the
(demonstrating, incidentally, that the
TR is a poor representative of the Byzantine type). Tutaj redaktorzy listę miejsc, w których dzieli tradycji bizantyjskiej,
zauważając nawet niektórych aspektów określonych przez Von Soden (np. H & M's K
r
von Soden's K
r;
K
c jest
ich von
Soden's K
c,
itp.) Ponadto należy zwrócić uwagę na wariant odczyty z
(wykazując, nawiasem mówiąc, że
TR jest reprezentatywny dla ubogich typu bizantyjskiego). This first apparatus, which contains relatively few readings, has
its variants marked in the text with numbers and has lemmata in the margin. Ten pierwszy aparatura, która zawiera
stosunkowo niewiele odczyty, ma swoje warianty oznaczone w tekście z numerami telefonów i Formy na marginesie.
The second apparatus lists variants between the H & F text and the
edition. Drugiego aparatu listy
wariantów pomiędzy H & M i tekstu
Biblii Zjednoczonych Towarzystw
wydanie. A quick sample indicates that these are
roughly three times as common as variations within the Byzantine tradition. Szybkim wskazują, że próby te są około trzy
razy jako wspólne, jak różnice w tradycji bizantyjskiej. For these variants the editors use the same symbols as the recent
text. Dla tych wariantów redaktorów używać tych samych symboli jak w ostatnich edycjach
A handful of witnesses -- Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, and certain papyri -- are noted in both
apparatus, but their readings are noted only for variants included for other reasons. Kilka świadków - Vaticanus, Sinaiticus,
alexandrinus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, papirusy, a niektóre - są odnotowane w obu aparatach, ale ich odczyty są zauważyć
tylko dla wariantów włączone z innych powodów. The H & F apparatus gives far less information about these manuscripts
than even the Nestle apparatus, and cannot be used for textual classification of any specific witness. H & M aparatura daje
dużo mniej informacji na temat tych rękopisów niż nawet Nestle aparatury, i nie mogą być wykorzystane do klasyfikacji w
tekście żadnego konkretnego świadka.
Although the apparatus of H & F is very limited, it serves a useful purpose even to those who do not believe in Byzantine
priority. Choć aparatura H & M jest bardzo ograniczony, służy pożytecznym celom, nawet dla tych, którzy nie wierzą w
bizantyjskiej priorytet. It is the only available tool (other than von Soden's cryptic edition) for determining if a reading is
the
Byzantine reading,
a
Byzantine reading in cases where that text divides, or entirely non-Byzantine. Jest to jedyne
dostępne narzędzie (inne niż von Soden jest tajny wydanie) dla określenia, czy czytanie
jest
bizantyjski
czytania,
A
bizantyjskiej czytania, że w przypadkach, gdy dzieli tekst lub całkowicie non-bizantyjskiego. This can be important when
dealing with mixed manuscripts. To może być ważne, gdy ma do czynienia z mieszanym rękopisy. Also, H & F includes
some variants
not
covered in NA
27
. Również, H & M zawiera kilka wariantów
nieobjętych
NA
27.
Huck
The name "Huck," like the name
, is actually a term for a constellation of editions (in this case, of a gospel synopsis
rather than a critical edition), with various editors over the years. Nazwa "Huck", jak nazwa
jest w rzeczywistości
termin na konstelacji edycji (w tym przypadku, o Ewangelii streszczenie niż krytyczne wydanie), w różnych Edytory na
przestrzeni lat. The two, in fact, are almost of an age. Dwóch, w rzeczywistości są prawie na wiek. Albert Huck published
his first synopsis in 1892, but this was designed for a particular class and synoptic theory; the third edition of 1906 was
the first for general use. Albert Huck opublikowała swój pierwszy streszczenie w 1892 roku, ale zostało to zaprojektowane
dla konkretnej klasy i ogólną teorię; trzeciej edycji 1906 był pierwszym, do zastosowań ogólnych. With the ninth edition of
1936, the book passed from the hands of Albert Huck to H. Lietzmann and HG Opitz. Z dziewiątej edycji 1936, książki,
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przekazywane z rąk do Huck Albert H. Lietzmann i HG Opitz. At this time the text was revised (Huck's own editions were
based on Tischendorf's text; Lietzmann used a text approximating that of Nestle). W tej chwili tekst został zaktualizowany
(Huck własne edycje były oparte na Tischendorf tekstu; Lietzmann używany tekst, że zbliżenie z Nestle). The 1981 edition
was taken over by H. Greeven, and the arrangement of pericopes significantly altered. Wydanie z 1981 r. została przejęta
przez H. Greeven, a układ pericopes znacząco zmienione. Greeven also altered the text, using his own reconstruction rathr
than any previous edition. Greeven również zmieniony tekst, używając własnej odbudowy rathr niż wszystkie poprzednie
wydanie.
Editors. Albert Huck; later taken over by H. Lietzmann, HG Opitz, H. Greeven Redaktorów. Albert Huck; później przejęte
przez H. Lietzmann, HG Opitz, H. Greeven
Date of Publication. The first edition was published in 1892; a revised third edition came out in 1906, another revision
constituted the fourth edition of 1910. Data publikacji. Pierwsza edycja została opublikowana w 1892 roku, poprawione
wydanie trzecich wyszedł w 1906 roku, kolejna rewizja stanowiły czwarte wydanie 1910. The revised ninth edition of
Lietzmann-Opitz was published in 1936. Zrewidowana dziewiąta edycja Lietzmann-Opitz został opublikowany w 1936 roku.
Greeven's thirteenth edition appeared in 1981. Greeven's trzynaste wydanie pojawiło się w 1981 roku.
The Text Prior to the appearance of Greeven's edition, Huck could not really be considered in any way a critical edition.
Tekst Przed wygląd Greeven wydanie, Huck naprawdę nie mógł być uznany w żaden sposób krytyczne wydanie. Huck
used Tischendorf's text, Lietzmann a modification of Nestle's. Huck używane Tischendorf tekstu, Lietzmann modyfikacji
Nestle's. Neither editor provided a full-fledged critical apparatus. Ani redaktor pod warunkiem pełnym aparatu
krytycznego. (Lietzmann admitted to having a "limited" apparatus. Not only was the number of variants limited, but fewer
than a dozen Greek witnesses were cited, and the data on the versions was much simplified.) The value of Huck, at that
time, lay in the arrangement of the parallel gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke; John was not included). (Dopuszczone do
Lietzmann o "ograniczonej" aparatury. Nie tylko była ograniczona liczba wariantów, ale mniej niż kilkanaście greckie
świadków były cytowane, a dane na temat wersji została znacznie uproszczona.) Wartość Huck, w tym czasie, świeckich w
układ równoległy Ewangelie (Mateusza, Marka i Łukasza, Jana nie został uwzględniony). This, obviously, was sufficient to
keep the book in print for nearly a century, but the editions have little value to the textual critic. To, oczywiście, były
wystarczające do prowadzenia książki w formie drukowanej prawie wieku, ale mają niewielki edycje wartość tekstową
krytyk. For this reason, the remainder of this discussion will be devoted to Huck-Greeven, which simultaneously provided a
new text (edited by Greeven), a much fuller apparatus (also by Greeven), and a modification of the synopsis itself,
including more parallels as well as some portions of the gospel of John. Z tego powodu, pozostała część tej dyskusji
będzie poświęcona Huck-Greeven, który jednocześnie stanowił nowy tekst (pod redakcją Greeven), znacznie pełniejszy
aparatu (również przez Greeven), a także zmiany w samej streszczenie, tym bardziej paralele jak również niektóre
fragmenty Ewangelii Jana.
The text of the Greeven revision is somewhat problematic. Tekst z Greeven rewizji jest nieco problematyczny. Greeven
claims that it averages about nine variations per chapter from the UBS/Nestle text. Greeven twierdzi, że średnie około
dziewięciu odmian na rozdział z UBS / Nestle tekstu. This would be about typical for a modern edition -- if anything, it's at
the low end of the scale. Jest to typowe dla nowoczesnej wydanie - jeśli cokolwiek, to na niskim końcu skali. The problem
is, Greeven gives not a hint of his critical principles. Problemem jest to, Greeven nie daje wskazówkę jego krytycznych
zasad. Nor does Greeven give us a list of differences from UBS. Greeven ani nie daje nam listę różnice z UBS. Thus it is
almost impossible to reconstruct his method. Tak więc jest to prawie niemożliwe, aby zrekonstruować swoje metody. This
makes it difficult to know how far to rely upon his text. To sprawia, że trudno jest się dowiedzieć, w jakim stopniu polegać
na jego tekst. Ny impression, in compiling its readings for the list of
, is that, in those readings at
least, it inclines very strongly toward the Byzantine text; the result is probably about like con Soden in its "feel," though
the rate of actual agreements may not be excessively high. Ny wrażenie, w jego kompilacji odczyty na
jest, że w tych odczytów przynajmniej, pochyłości terenu go bardzo mocno w kierunku tekstu
bizantyjskiego, a wynik jest prawdopodobnie o jak kon Soden w jej "czuć", choć wskaźnik rzeczywistego porozumienia nie
mogą być zbyt wysokie.
The apparatus is as peculiar as the text. Przyrząd jest tak dziwny jak tekst. In no sense is it complete; the focus in upon
parallels, almost to the exclusion of other variants. W sensie nie jest ona kompletna, a skupić się na paralele w niemal do
wyłączenie innych wariantów. It is at first glance an easy apparatus to read; each reading begins with the lemma, followed
by its supporters if they are relatively few, then a square bracket ] followed by the alternate readings and their support;
different variation units are separated by large spaces and bold vertical lines. Jest to na pierwszy rzut oka łatwy do
odczytania aparatury; każdego czytania rozpoczyna się hasło, a następnie przez jego zwolenników, jeśli są one
stosunkowo nieliczne, a następnie kwadratowy nawias] a następnie przez zastępcę odczytów i poparcie ich; różne odmiany
podzielone są duże przestrzenie pogrubienie i pionowe linie. Deciphering the list of witnesses is a much different matter.
Rozszyfrowaniem lista świadków jest wiele różnych kwestii. Witnesses are grouped by type (though Greeven denies that
his groups have any actual meaning), and cited by group symbols (eg lf are the Lake and Ferrar groups), and are cited in
group order. Świadkowie są pogrupowane według typu (chociaż Greeven zaprzecza, że jego grupy ma żadnego
faktycznego znaczenia), a cytowanych przez grupę symboli (np. Jesli są jeziora i Ferrar grup), i są cytowane w grupie
porządku. However, Greeven does not list the order of the witnesses outside the four groups (Alexandrian, Lake, Ferrar,
Soden). Jednakże, nie Greeven listy kolejności świadków poza cztery grupy (aleksandryjski, Jezioro, Ferrar, Soden). Nor
are the contents of the various fragments listed explicitly. Nie są treści poszczególnych fragmentów wyraźnie wymienione.
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Thus it is almost impossible to be certain which manuscripts are actually cited within the notation
Rpl
(referring to all
uncited uncials and the large majority of minuscules). Tak więc jest to prawie niemożliwe, aby mieć pewność, rękopisy,
które faktycznie są cytowane w notacji
RPL
(odnoszący się do wszystkich uncited uncials i znaczna większość małymi
literami). It is best to trust the apparatus only where it cites a witness explicitly. Najlepiej jest zaufanie do aparatu tylko
wtedy, gdy cytuje świadka jawnie. And even there, it appears that many of the citations are from von Soden. I nawet nie
wydaje się, że wiele z cytatów są z von Soden.
The citation of the versions, as opposed to the citing of the Greek witnesses, is excellent. Do cytowania wersje, w
przeciwieństwie do zamieszczenie w greckim świadków, jest doskonała. All Old Latin witnesses are cited by name, with
lacunae indicated. Wszystkie Stare Łacińskiej świadków cytowanych przez nazwę, z luk wskazane. Where the Harklean
Syriac attests to multiple readings, Greeven shows the nature of each variant. Gdzie Harklean Syryjski potwierdza wiele
odczytów, Greeven pokazuje charakter każdego wariantu. Where the manuscripts of the various Coptic versions do not
show a consensus, Greeven indicates the number on each side of the reading. W przypadku, gdy rękopisy różnych
wersjach Koptyjski nie wykazują konsensusu, Greeven wskazuje numer na każdej stronie z czytania. Unfortunately, the
Armenian and Georgian versions are not handled with anything like the same precision, but this is no reason to condemn
the edition; most others treat these versions with equal disdain. Niestety, Armenii i Gruzji wersje nie są obsługiwane z
czegoś podobnego tej samej dokładności, ale to nie powód do potępienia wydanie; większości innych traktują te wersje z
równą pogarda.
The list of Fathers cited is quite full and unusully detailed, listing both the language and the date of the author, and
including at least a handful of Syriac, Coptic, and even Arabic texts as well as the Greek and Latin Fathers. Lista Ojcowie
cytowane jest dość pełne i szczegółowe unusully, wymieniając zarówno języka i daty autora, a także co najmniej kilku
syryjski, koptyjski, a nawet arabski tekstów, jak również Ojcowie greki i łaciny. A wide variety of Harmonies are also cited
(under a symbol which implies they are versions of the Diatessaron, though this is not stated). Szeroką gamę harmonii są
również cytowane (pod symbolem, który implikuje są wersje z Diatessaron, choć nie jest to stwierdzić). The introduction
gives a good concise description of these harmonies. Wprowadzenie daje dobre zwięzły opis tych harmonii.
Great care must be taken to understand Greeven's apparatus, which is strongly dependent not only on the
order
of the
witnesses, but on the typographic form in which they are presented (eg Or does not mean the same thing as Or, even
though both refer to Origen). Great należy uważać, aby zrozumieć Greeven z aparatury, która jest silnie zależne nie tylko
od
kolejności
świadków, ale na typograficznych formie, w jakiej są prezentowane (np. Albo nie oznacza to samo, co
Albo, nawet jeśli odnoszą się zarówno do Orygenes).
To sum up, the apparatus of Greeven is very difficult, though it offers a wide variety of useful information, and does not
list all the variants one would "expect" to find. Podsumowując, aparaty z Greeven jest bardzo trudne, choć oferuje wiele
przydatnych informacji, a nie wykaz wszystkich wariantów z nich "oczekiwać", aby znaleźć. Students are therefore advised
not to rely solely upon it, but to use at least one other source -- both to get a full list of variants in a particular gospel and
to check one's interpretation of the apparatus for the variants it does contain. Studenci są zatem zalecić, aby nie polegać
wyłącznie na nim, ale do korzystania z co najmniej jednym innym źródłem - zarówno, aby uzyskać pełną listę wariantów w
szczególności Ewangelii i do sprawdzenia własnych interpretacji urządzenia do warianty go nie zawierają. Greeven can give
a sense of the support for a reading. Greeven może dać poczucie wsparcia dla czytania. It cannot and does not give
specifics capable of being transferred to another apparatus. Nie może i nie daje specyfiki mogą być przeniesione do innej
aparatury.
Merk
Editor. Text and apparatus edited by Augustinus Merk, SJ Edytor. Tekst aparaturą i edytowanych przez Augustinus Merk
SJ
Date of Publication. The first edition,
Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine,
appeared in 1933. Data publikacji.
Wydanie pierwsze,
Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine,
ukazał się w 1933 roku. The tenth edition, issued nearly
four decades after the editor's death, was published in 1984. Dziesiątej edycji, wydany prawie cztery dziesięciolecia po
śmierci redaktora, została opublikowana w 1984 roku. Overall, however, the changes in the edition, in both text and
apparatus, have been minimal. Ogólnie jednak, że zmiany w wydanie, zarówno tekst aparaturą i były minimalne.
The Text. Merk's Greek text is a fairly typical mid-Twentieth-Century production, an eclectic edition which however leans
strongly toward the Alexandrian text. Tekstowe. Merk's grecki tekst jest dość typowym połowie XX wieku produkcja, An
eclectic wydanie, które jednak oprze zdecydowanie ku tekst aleksandryjski. The Latin text, as one would expect of a Jesuit,
is the Clementine Vulgate. Łacińskiego tekstu, jak można było oczekiwać z jezuitów, jest Clementine Wulgaty.
The Apparatus. The significance of Merk lies not in its text but in its apparatus -- by far the fullest of the hand editions,
and accompanied by a serviceable critical apparatus of the Vulgate (a noteworthy improvement, in this regard, over the
otherwise fairly similar edition of Bover). Aparatu. Znaczenie Merk nie leży w jej tekst aparaturą, ale w jego - jak dotąd
najpełniejszym do strony edycji, a towarzyszyć krytyczna Naprawy aparatury z Wulgaty (a odnotowania poprawy w tym
zakresie, w przeciwnym razie dość podobne wydanie Bover).
Merk's apparatus is largely that of von Soden, translated into Gregory numbers and slightly updated. Merk's aparatura jest
w dużej mierze z von Soden, tłumaczone na Gregory numerów i nieco zaktualizowana. Merk includes nearly all the variants
in von Soden's first two apparatus, and a significant number of those in the third. Merk obejmuje prawie wszystkie
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warianty von Soden w dwóch pierwszych aparatów, a także znaczną liczbę osób w trzecim. In addition to the manuscripts
cited by von Soden, Merk cites several manuscripts discovered since von Soden's time (papyri up to
, including the
Beatty papyri; uncials up to 0207; minuscules up to 2430, although all but four minuscules and three lectionaries are
taken from von Soden). Oprócz rękopisów cytowane przez von Soden, Merk rękopisy odkryte przykladami od kilku von
Soden czas (papirusy do
w tym Beatty papirusy; uncials do 0207; małymi literami aż do 2430, choć wszystkie cztery,
ale małymi literami, a trzy są lectionaries zaczerpnięte z von Soden). Merk also cites certain versions and fathers,
particularly from the east, not cited in von Soden. Merk wymienia również niektóre wersje i ojcowie, zwłaszcza ze
wschodu, nie powołano się w von Soden.
But this strength is also a weakness. Ale ta moc jest również osłabienie. Merk's apparatus incorporates all the errors of von
Soden (inaccurate collations and unclear citations), and adds errors of its own: inaccurate translation of von Soden's
apparatus, plus a very high number of errors of the press and the like. Merk's aparatury zawiera wszystkie błędy von
Soden (collations nieścisłe i niejasne odniesienia), i dodaje swoje własne błędy: niedokładne tłumaczenie von Soden's
aparatury, a także bardzo duża liczba błędów w prasie i tym podobne. Merk does not even provide an accurate list of
fathers cited in the edition -- eg the Beatus of Liébana is cited under the symbol "Be," but the list of Fathers implies that
he would be cited as "Beatus." Merk nie przewidują nawet dokładny wykaz ojców powołano się w edycja - np. Beatus
Walka z przytoczonych jest pod symbolem "Be", ale lista Ojcowie oznacza, że on będzie cytowany jako "Beatus". The
Venerable Bede, although cited relatively often (as Beda), is not even included in the list of Fathers! Bede Czcigodnego,
chociaż stosunkowo często cytowane (jak Beda), to nawet nie jest ujęte w wykazie Ojcowie! The list of such errors could
easily be extended (a somewhat more accurate list of fathers cited in Merk is found in the article on the
). Wykaz
takich błędów może być łatwo rozszerzone (nieco bardziej dokładny wykaz ojców powołano w Merk znajduje się w
Thus the student is advised to take great care with the Merk. Tak więc uczeń jest uprzedzony o konieczności podjęcia z
wielką starannością Merk. As a list of variants, no portable edition even comes close. Jako listę wariantów, nie portable
wydanie nawet nie zbliża. Every student should have it. Każdy student i uczeń powinien mieć. But knowing how far to trust
it is another question. Ale wiedząc, jak daleko do zaufania to inna kwestia. The following table shows a test of the Merk
apparatus, based on the readings found in the apparatus of
4
in three books (Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians).
Poniższa tabela pokazuje test z Merk aparatury, w oparciu o odczyty w aparat z
4 w
trzech książek (Galatów, Filipian,
1 Tesaloniczan). The first column lists the manuscript, the second the number of readings for which it can be cited, the
third the number of places where Merk's apparatus disagrees with the UBS apparatus, and the fourth the percentage of
readings where they disagree. Pierwsza kolumna listy rękopisu, drugi liczbę czytań, które mogą być cytowane, trzecie
liczba miejsc, gdzie Merk's aparatura nie zgadza się z UBS aparatury, a czwarty procentowy Odczyty jeżeli zgadzamy.
Manuscript Rękopis Readings Odczyty Disagreements Nieporozumienia Percent Disagreement Spory procent
P
46
P
46
45
1
2%
67
0
0%
A
63
0
0%
B
63
1
2%
C
34
1
3%
D
63
0
0%
Y Y
63
7
11%
6
63
5
8%
33
63
3
5%
81
63
1
2%
104
63
4 +4
6%
256
59
5
8%
263
59
8
14%
330
59
9
15%
436
59
9
15%
462
58
5
9%
1175
51
4 +4
8% (but see below) 8% (ale patrz niżej)
1319
59
3
5%
1739
63
1
1%
1912
63
4 +4
6%
2127
59
4 +4
7%
(Note: Data for 330 and 462 taken from the collations by Davies.) (Uwaga: Dane dla 330 i 462 z podjętych przez collations
Davies).
We should add one caveat, however: Merk does not list where manuscripts such as P
46
, C, and 1175 have lacunae -- in
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the case of 1175, he cites the manuscript explicitly for certain readings where it does not exist! Należy dodać jedno
zastrzeżenie, jednakże: Merk nie wymienia, gdzie rękopisy, takie jak
P
46, C i 1175 mają luki - w przypadku 1175,
wymienia on rękopis wyraźnie dla niektórych odczytów, gdzie nie istnieje! In addition, it is often impossible to tell the
readings of the manuscripts in the bottom parts of his apparatus, as they are cited as part of
al
or
rel pl.
Thus the table
cites 256 for 59 readings instead of the 63 citations for the Old Uncials because there are four readings where it is simply
impossible to know which reading Merk thinks 256 supports. Ponadto, często jest to niemożliwe, aby powiedzieć odczyty z
rękopisów w dolnej części jego aparatury, ponieważ są one wymieniane jako część
al
lub
dot. Pl.
Zatem tabeli wymienia
256 czytań za 59 zamiast 63 cytatów dla Starego Uncials ponieważ istnieją cztery odczyty, gdzie jest to po prostu
niemożliwe, aby wiedzieć, który uważa, że czytanie Merk 256 obsługuje.
Still, we see that overall the Merk apparatus is almost absolutely accurate for the Old Uncials (though it sometimes fails to
note the distinction between first and later hands). Nadal widzimy, że ogólnie Merk aparatura jest niemal absolutnie
dokładne dla Starego Uncials (choć czasami nie zauważyć różnicy między pierwszą a później ręce). Minuscules vary in
reliability, though there are only three -- 263, 330, and 436 (all members of I
a3
, which seems to have been a very
problematic group) -- where Merk's apparatus is so bad as to be of no use at all. Małymi literami różnią się pod względem
niezawodności, choć istnieją tylko trzy - 263, 330 i 436 (wszystkich członków
A3
I, co wydaje się być bardzo
problematyczne grupy) - gdzie Merk's aparatury jest tak źle, jak się nie używać na wszyscy. The conclusion is that students
should test the apparatus for any given minuscule before trusting it. Wniosek jest taki, że uczniowie powinni przetestować
aparaty do danej minuscule przed ufając go.
The Merk apparatus, adapted as it is from Von Soden, takes getting used to. Merk do aparatury, ponieważ jest
dostosowany z Von Soden, przyjmuje wykorzystywany do uzyskiwania. The apparatus always cites the reading of the text
as a lemma, then cites variant(s) from it. Przyrząd zawsze wymienia czytania tekstu jako hasło, a następnie przytacza
wariantu (-ów) od niego. Normally witnesses will be cited for only one of the two readings; all uncited witnesses are
assumed to support the other reading. Zwykle świadkowie będą cytowane tylko dla jednego z dwóch czytań, wszyscy
świadkowie są uncited zakłada wspieranie innych czytaniu. To know which witnesses are cited for a particular reading,
however, requires constant reference to Merk's list of groups (given in the introduction), as witnesses are cited by position
within the groups, and often in a shorthand notation -- eg 1s means "1 and the witness immediately following" -- which in
the Gospels is 1582; 1ss would mean "1 and the two witnesses immediately following" (1582 and 2193). Aby wiedzieć,
które są świadkami powołano do konkretnego czytania, jednak wymaga stałej Merk do listy grup (podane we wstępie),
jako świadkowie są cytowane przez nie pozycji w ramach grup, a często w skrócie zapis - np. 1s oznacza " 1 i świadek
zaraz po "- które w Ewangeliach jest 1582; 1ss oznaczałoby" 1 i dwóch świadków, zaraz po "(1582 i 2193).
Note that "1s"
is not the same as
"1
s
." Należy pamiętać, że "1s"
to nie to samo co
"1
s". 1
s
means "1 and all
manuscripts which follow to the end of the group."
1
s oznacza "1 i wszystkie rękopisy, które się na końcu grupy." So
where 1s means 1 1582, 1
s
means 1 1582 2193 (keep in mind, however, that if the subgroup is large, not all manuscripts
of the group may be intended). Więc gdzie 1s oznacza 1 1582,
1
s oznacza 1 1582 2193 (należy pamiętać jednak, że jeśli
podgrupa jest duże, nie wszystkie rękopisy z grupy może być przeznaczony). 1
r
has yet another meaning: from 1 to the
end of the
major group
-- in this case, from 1 to 131.
1
R ma jeszcze inny sens: od 1 do końca
z
ważniejszych
grupy
-
w tym przypadku, od 1 do 131.
All this is not as bad as it sounds, but the student is probably well-advised to practice it a few times! Wszystko to nie jest
tak źle, jak się wydaje, ale student jest prawdopodobnie dobrze doradzić, aby praktyce kilka razy!
Other symbols in Merk's apparatus include >, indicating an omission;
|
, indicating a part of a versional tradition (or the
Greek side of a diglot where the Latin disagrees); "rel" for "all remaining witnesses," etc. Many of the remaining symbols
are obvious (eg ~ for a change in word order), but the student should be sure to check Merk's introduction in detail, and
never assume a symbol means what you think it means! Inne symbole w Merk's aparatury obejmować>, co wskazuje na
pominięcie;
|,
wskazując ramach versional tradycji (lub greckiego z boku diglot Łacińskiej, gdzie nie zgadza); "rel" dla
"wszystkich pozostałych świadków", itp. Wiele z pozostałe symbole są oczywiste (np. ~ o zmianę w porządku słowo), ale
student powinien upewnić się, aby sprawdzić Merk na wprowadzenie w szczegółach, i nigdy nie zakładać symbol oznacza
co myślisz to znaczy!
The example below may make things a little clearer. Poniższy przykład może dokonać rzeczy nieco jaśniejsze. We begin
with the table of witnesess -- in this case for Paul. Zaczynamy z tabelą witnesess - w tym przypadku Pawła.
Group
Grupa Witnesses
Świadkowie
H H
P
46
BSCA 1739 424
c
1908 33 P Y 104 326 1175 81 1852(R) HIM(1 2CHb) 048 062(G) 081(2 C)
082(E) 088(1C) 0142 P
10·13·15·16·40
|
P
46 BSCA 1739 424
c
1908 33 Y P 104 326 1175 81 1852 (R)
HIM (1 2CHb) 048 062 (G) 081 (2 C) 082 (E) 088 (1C) 0142 P
10.13.15.16 40 |
Ca
1
CA
1
D(E)G(F) 917 1836 1898 181 88 915 1912 | D (E) G (K) 917 1836 1898 181 88 915 1912 |
Ca
2
Ok.
2
623 5 1827 1838 467 1873 927 489 2143 | 623 5 1827 1838 467 1873 927 489 2143 |
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Ca
3
Ok.
3
920 1835 1845 919 226 547 241 1 460 337 177 1738 321 319 69 462 794 330 999 1319 2127 256
263 38 1311 436 1837 255 642 218 | 920 1835 1845 919 226 547 241 1 460 337 177 1738 321 319
69 462 794 330 999 1319 2127 256 263 38 1311 436 1837 255 642 218 |
Cb
1
CB
1
206 429 1831 1758 242 1891 522 2 635 941 1099 | 206 429 1831 1758 242 1891 522 2 635 941
1099 |
Cb
2
CB
2
440 216 323 2298 1872 1149 491 823 35 336 43 | 440 216 323 2298 1872 1149 491 823 35 336 43
|
Cc
1
Cc
1
1518 1611 1108 2138 1245 2005 | 1518 1611 1108 2138 1245 2005 |
Cc
2
Cc
2
257 383 913 378 1610 506 203 221 639 1867 876 385 2147 | 257 383 913 378 1610 506 203 221
639 1867 876 385 2147 |
K K
KL | KL |
Let us take Romans 2:14 as an example. Weźmy Rzymian 2:14 jako przykład. Merk's text (without accents) reads: Merk
tekstu (bez akcentów) czytamy:
(14)
otan
gar eqnh ta mh nomon econta fusei ta tou nomou poiwsin, outoi nomon mh econtes eautois eisin nomos
(14)
otan
gar eqnh
ta
MH nomon econta fusei ta tou nomou poiwsin, outoi nomon MH econtes eautois eisin nomos
In the apparatus we have W aparacie mamy
14 gar ] de G
|
ar Wr
|
-- ie for gar , the reading of Merk's text, the Greek side of G (but not the Latin), the Armenian, and
part of Origen read de .
Gar 14] de G
|
ar Wr
|
- czyli gar, Merk czytania tekstu, na stronie greckiej G (ale nie Łacińskiej),
Armenii, a część z Orygenes czytać. All other witnesses support Merk's text. Wszystkich innych świadków wsparcia Merk
tekstu.
poiwsin B SA-1908 104-1852 D
s
467 1319-38 436 43 Cl Wr ] poih rel
-- ie poiwsin is supported by B, S (=
poiwsin SA B-
1908 104-1852 D
S
467 1319-38 436 43 Cl Wr] poih rel
- czyli poiwsin jest obsługiwany przez B, S (= ), the witnesses
from A to 1908 (=A, 1739, 6, possibly 424**, and 1908), the witnesses from 104 to 1852 (=104, 326, 1175, 81, 1852), by
D and all other witnesses to the end of its group (=DG 917 1836 1898 181 88 915 1912, with perhaps one or two
omitted), by 467, by the witnesses from 1319 to 38 (=1319 2127 256 263 38), by 436, by 43, by Clement, and by Origen.
), Świadków od A do 1908 (= A, 1739, 6, ewentualnie 424 **, i 1908), świadków od 104 do 1852 (= 104, 326, 1175, 81,
1852), D i przez wszystkich innych świadków do końca swojej grupy (= DG 917 1836 1898 181 88 915 1912,
prawdopodobnie z jednego lub dwóch pominięte), przez 467, przez świadków od 1319 do 38 (= 1319 2127 256 263 38),
przez 436, 43, przez Clement, a przez Orygenesa. The alternative reading poih is supported by all other witnesses -- ie by
the uncited witnesses in the H group (in this case, P Y ), by the entire Ca
2
group except 467, by the uncited witnesses
of Ca
3
(=920, 1835, etc.), by all witnesses of the Cb groups except 43, and by all remaining witnesses from 1518 on
down to L at the end. Alternatywą czytania poih jest wspierany przez wszystkich pozostałych świadków - np. przez
świadków uncited w grupie H (w tym przypadku, P Y), przez cały
Ca
2 grupy z wyjątkiem 467, przez uncited świadków Ca
3 (=
920, 1835, itd.), przez wszystkich świadków CB z wyjątkiem grup 43, a także we wszystkich pozostałych świadków z
1518 na dół do L na końcu.
outoi ] oi
toioutoi G dt vg Wr
|
-- ie for outoi G (and its Latin side g), the old latins dt, the vulgate, and part of Origen read
oi
toioutoi .
outoi
] oi toioutoi G Wr dt VG
|
- czyli outoi G (i jego łaciński boczne g), stare latins dt, z Wulgaty, a część
Orygenes czytać oi toioutoi. Again, all other witnesses support Merk's text. Ponownie wszystkich innych świadków wsparcia
Merk tekstu.
The Nestle Text Tekst z Nestle
The history of the "Nestle" text is complex; the text has undergone one major and assorted minor revisions, while the
apparatus has been upgraded repeatedly. Historia z "Nestle" tekst jest złożony; tekst został poddany jeden z głównych i
inne drobne zmiany, podczas gdy urządzenie zostało wielokrotnie modernizowane. The sections below outline the history
of the early versions of the edition, then proceeds to describe the modern form (Nestle-Aland 27 and its predecessor
Nestle-Aland 26). W sekcjach poniżej zarys historii wczesnej wersji wydania, a następnie przechodzi do opisywania
nowoczesnej formie (Nestle-Aland 27 i jego poprzednik, Nestle-Aland 26).
Nestle Editions 1-25 Nestle Edition 1-25
The first edition of "Nestle" was prepared in 1898 by
(1851-1913). Pierwsze wydanie "Nestle" została
przygotowana w 1898 roku przez
(1851-1913). It was not really a critical text; Nestle simply compared the
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current editions of
, and Weymouth. Nie było naprawdę krytycznym tekstem; Nestle po
prostu w porównaniu do obecnego wydania
i Weymouth. The reading found in the majority
of these editions became the reading of the text (if the three disagreed, Nestle adopted the middle reading). Odczyt
znaleźć w większości z tych wydań stał się czytania tekstu (jeśli nie zgadzały się z trzech, Nestle przyjęte środku czytania).
The apparatus consisted variant readings from the three texts (plus a few variants from Codex Bezae). Przyrząd wariantu
składał z trzech czytań tekstów (plus kilka wariantów z Kodeksu Bezae).
The text was slightly revised with the third edition, when the text of Bernhard Weiss was substituted for that of
Weymouth. Tekst został nieznacznie zrewidowane w trzeciej edycji, kiedy tekst był Bernhard Weiss zastępować, że w
Weymouth. With some further slight revisions, this remained the "Nestle" text through the twenty-fifth edition. Z dalsze
nieznaczne zmiany, to pozostaje "Nestle" tekstu przez dwadzieścia piąta edycja.
The nature of "Nestle" changed radically with the thirteenth edition of 1927. Charakter "Nestle" zmieniła się radykalnie z
XIII edycja 1927. This edition, under the supervision of Eberhard Nestle's son
(1883-1972), for the first time
fully conformed the text to the majority reading of WH/Tischendorf/Weiss. Niniejsze wydanie, pod nadzorem Eberhard
Nestle syn
(1883-1972), po raz pierwszy w pełni zgodny z większością tekstu do czytania WH / Tischendorf
/ Weiss. It also added in the margin the readings of von Soden's text. Dodaje on również umieszczony na marginesie
odczyty von Soden tekstu. But most importantly, it included for the first time a true critical apparatus. Ale co
najważniejsze, nie ujęte po raz pierwszy prawdziwego aparatu krytycznego.
Over the following decades the critical apparatus was gradually increased, and was checked against actual manuscripts to
a greater extent (much of this was the work of Kurt Aland, whose contributions first began to appear in the twenty-first
edition of 1952). W ciągu następnych dziesięcioleci krytycznych aparatura była stopniowo zwiększana, a było sprawdzane
pod kątem rzeczywistej rękopisów w większym stopniu (w dużym stopniu było to dzieło Kurt Aland, których składki
pierwszy zaczął pojawiać się w dwadzieścia pierwsza edycja 1952). More manuscripts were gradually added, and more
variants noted. Więcej rękopisy były stopniowo dodawane, i więcej wariantów zauważyć. It should be observed, however,
that the "Nestle" apparatus remained limited; often no more than five or six manuscripts were noted for each variant (it
was exceedingly rare to find more than twelve, and those usually comprehended under a group symbol); most
manuscripts were cited only sporadically; the Byzantine text was represented by the Textus Receptus
(K);
the Egyptian
text
(H)
was cited under an inadequate group symbol. Należy zauważyć jednak, że "Nestle" aparatura pozostał
ograniczony, często nie więcej niż pięć lub sześć rękopisy były dla każdego wariantu (było nader rzadko zdarza się znaleźć
więcej niż dwanaście, a te zazwyczaj comprehended ramach grupy symbol); rękopisy były najczęściej cytowane tylko
sporadycznie; bizantyjskiej tekst był reprezentowany przez Textus Receptus
(K);
egipskiego tekstu
(H)
był cytowany w
ramach grupy symbolem niewystarczające. Also, the apparatus included fewer variants than might be hoped -- not only
fewer variants than von Soden and Tischendorf (which was to be expected), but also fewer variants than Merk. Ponadto,
urządzenie włączone warianty mniej niż mogłoby mieć nadzieję - nie tylko warianty mniej niż von Soden i Tischendorf (co
było się spodziewać), ale mniej niż warianty Merk. Even the readings of Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, the papyri, and the Textus
Receptus were inadequately noted. Nawet odczyty Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, w papirusy, a Textus Receptus były
nieodpowiednio zauważyć.
In addition, some regard the form of the apparatus as a difficulty. Ponadto, niektóre odniesieniu postaci aparatu w trudnej
sytuacji. Instead of noting the text of variants in the margin, a series of symbols are inserted in the text. Zamiast pod
uwagę wariantów tekst na marginesie, szereg symboli są zamieszczone w tekście. The advantages of this system are
brevity (the apparatus is smaller) and also, to an extent, clarity; the scope of variants can be seen in the text. Zalety tego
systemu są zwięzłość (urządzenie jest mniejsze), a także, w zakresie, jasność, zakres wariantów może być postrzegane w
tekście. (Though the reason appears to have been rather different: the Nestle apparatus was as it was because the editors
continued to use the original plates of the text, meaning that any apparatus had to fit in a fairly small space.) (Choć
powód wydaje się być dość różne: z Nestle aparatura była jak miało to miejsce, ponieważ redaktorzy nadal korzystać z
oryginalnej płyty z tekstem, co oznacza, że wszelkie urządzenia musiały zmieścić się w dość małej przestrzeni.)
The illustration below illustrates several of the major features of the Nestle apparatus, along with some explanations.
Ilustracja poniżej pokazuje kilka z głównych cech tego aparatu Nestle, wraz z niektórych wyjaśnień. The form of the
apparatus resembles that of the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh editions, but the same symbols are used in all editions.
Postaci aparatu przypomina, że w dwudziestym szóstym i dwudziestym siódmym edycje, ale te same symbole są używane
we wszystkich edycjach.
Many of the aforementioned problems were removed in the
completely redone Twenty-sixth edition: Wiele z wyżej
wymienionych problemów zostały całkowicie usunięte w redone
Dwudziesta szósta edycja:
Nestle-Aland Editions 26-27 Nestle-Aland
Edition 26-27
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The twenty-sixth edition of Nestle-Aland, published in 1979, was
the first to be produced entirely under the supervision of Kurt
Aland. Dwudziesta szósta edycja Nestle-Aland, opublikowana w
1979 r., było pierwszym, które mają być produkowane wyłącznie
pod nadzorem Kurt Aland. The result was very nearly a new
book. Wynik był bardzo blisko nową książkę.
The Text. The text of NA
26
is, in all major respects, the same
as that of the
United Bible Societies Edition
, of which Aland was
an editor. Tekstowe. Tekst NA
26,
we wszystkich głównych
aspektach, taki sam jak
którego
był redaktorem Aland. The only differences lie in matters not
directly associated with textual criticism, such as accents,
punctuation, and arrangement of paragraphs. Jedyne różnice
polegają na sprawach nie związanych bezpośrednio z krytyką
tekstowych, takich jak akcenty, znaki interpunkcyjne, a układ ust.
The characteristics of the text are described under the section on
the UBS edition. Właściwości tekstu są opisane w rozdziale o wydanie UBS.
The Apparatus. The apparatus of NA
26
is equally radically revised. Aparatu. Urządzenia NA
26 jest
równie radykalnie
zmienione. Instead of the haphazard citation of witnesses found in the earlier editions, a select list of witnesses is cited for
all readings. Zamiast tego niesystematyczny cytowania świadków znalezionych we wcześniejszych wydaniach, wybranej
listy świadków powołano jest dla wszystkich odczytów. The witnesses cited include all papyri, all early uncials, and a
selection of late uncials and minuscules -- usually about twenty witnesses for each reading. Świadków powołano
obejmować wszystkie papirusy, wszystkie wczesne uncials, a wybór późno uncials i małymi literami - zwykle około
dwudziestu świadków dla każdego czytania. The most important of these witnesses, the papyri and the early uncials, are
cited explicitly. Najważniejszą z tych świadków, papirusy i na początku uncials, cytowane są w sposób wyraźny. (In the
twenty-seventh edition, certain important minuscules -- 33, 1739, 1881, 2427 -- are elevated to the ranks of the explicitly
cited witnesses.) The remaining witnesses, mostly Byzantine or mixed, are cited explicitly only when they differ from the
Byzantine text; otherwise they are contained within the Majority Text symbol (W dwudziesta siódma edycja, niektóre
ważne małymi literami - 33, 1739, 1881, 2427 - są podwyższone w szeregach wyraźnie powołano się na świadków.)
Pozostałe świadków, w większości bizantyjskiej lub mieszane, cytowane są wyraźnie tylko wtedy, gdy różnią się one z
tekstu bizantyjskiego, w przeciwnym wypadku są one zawarte w większości Tekst symbol . An example of the use of the
Majority Text symbol is shown in the example above. Przykładem wykorzystania symbolu większość tekstu jest pokazany
w przykładzie powyżej.
This apparatus offers distinct advantages. Aparat ten oferuje odrębne zalety. It cites many important manuscripts in a
minimum of space, and is quite convenient to use once one becomes accustomed to it. Cytuje ona wiele ważnych
rękopisów w minimalnej przestrzeni, i jest dość wygodne do użycia, po staje przyzwyczajony do niego. In addition, the
Nestle-Aland apparatus is probably the most accurate since
. Oprócz tego, Nestle-Aland aparatura jest
prawdopodobnie najbardziej dokładne, ponieważ
The several appendices offer additional useful information,
eg about the differences between the major twentieth century editions. Z dodatkami oferują kilka dodatkowych
przydatnych informacji, np. o różnice pomiędzy głównymi wydaniami XX wieku. The margin has a much fuller set of cross-
references than most comparable editions, and includes several ancient systems of enumeration. Marża jest o wiele
pełniejszy zbioru odniesienia niż większość porównywalnych wydaniach i zawiera wiele starożytnych systemów wyliczenie.
There are still a few drawbacks. Istnieje jeszcze kilka wad. Some witnesses have lacunae which are not noted in the
appendix. Niektórzy świadkowie mają luki, które nie są odnotowane w dodatku. The reader may therefore assume, falsely,
that a witness agrees with the majority text when in fact it is defective. (This was a particular problem in the twenty-sixth
edition with 33, which is often illegible. This was solved in the twenty-seventh edition by citing 33 explicitly. However, the
even more problematic 1506 is still not cited explicitly. In addition, the Nestle text does not list lacunae precisely; when it
says, eg, that 81 lacks Acts 4:8-7:17, 17:28-23:9, it means that it lacks those verses
in their entirety.
The verses on the
edge of these lacunae -- Acts 4:7, 7:18, 17:27, 23:10 -- will almost certainly be fragmentary, so one cannot trust citations
from silence in those verses.)
The set of variants in NA
26
is still relatively limited; with minor exceptions, only those variants found in NA
25
are cited in
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NA
26
. The thorough critic will therefore need to use a fuller edition -- Tischendorf, Von Soden, or Merk -- to examine the
full extent of variation in the tradition.
Students are also advised to remember that Nestle-Aland cites only Greek and Latin fathers. The eastern tradition is
entirely ignored. Those wishing to know the text of Ephraem, say, will have to turn to another source.
Das Neue Testament auf Papyrus
Editor. Volume 1 (Catholic Epistles) edited by K. Junack and W. Grunewald; Volume 2 (Romans, Corinthians) edited by K.
Junack, E. Güting, U. Nimtz, K. Witte; additional volimes forthcoming.
Date of Publication. Ongoing. First volume published 1986.
The Text. This is not truly a critical text; in one sense it is not a text at all. A continuous text (that of the
) is printed, but this is followed by continuous texts of the various papyri extant for the particular
passage.
The significance of this edition, therefore, is not for its text but for its apparatus, which is the fullest collection of the texts
of the papyri and uncials now known. It is also esteemed as highly accurate.
The apparatus in general falls into three parts: The text (as found in UBS and any extant papyri), the commentary on the
papyri (describing their readings as well as information on early editions), and the full apparatus, noting readings of all
papyri and uncials extant for this passage.
It should be noted that the edition is
not
a true collation of the uncials, though it is a full transcription of the papyri. While
every significant variant in the uncials is noted, spelling and orthographic variants are not noted, nor peculiar forms used
in the manuscripts (eg the text does not note places where D/06 confuses the endings - qe and - qai ).
The apparatus of the
Auf Papyrus
edition is unusually simple and straightforward. The three basic sections of the
apparatus are shown in the sample below (adapted, obviously, from the apparatus for Philippians 1:1. This is the actual
apparatus, save that it has been reset for on-screen clarity and omits all sections not relevant to Philippians 1:1).
The Basic Text:
The UBS reading, with the readings of P
46
below (in smaller
type).
The Commentary, describing the details of what the papyri
read, including comments on previous editions. Note that, had
other papyri contained this passage, their readings would also
have been discussed under separate heads.
The Apparatus, showing the major readings of both papyri and
uncials. The section for Philippians 1:1 is exceptional in that it
has a part both for the book
title
and the text itself. Most
pages will show only one part.
The first section, at the top of the page, shows the readings of P
46
in detail, setting them off against the UBS text. Note
that the apparatus shows even the page layout (eg the line PROS FILIPPHSIOUS is page 168, line 21. This is noted with
the notation "|
168,21
"). Where the text of the papyrus agrees exactly with the UBS text for a given word, this is noted
with the ditto mark (,,). If there is any difference, or if some of the letters in the papyrus are uncertain or illegible, the
word is spelled out, with (as is normal) dots below letters indicating uncertainty and letters in brackets [ ] indicating
lacunae. Observe that P
46
is totally defective for the final words of verse 1, and so there is no text cited below the UBS
text for that line.
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Below the actual text is the discussion, describing the actual readings and the differences between editions. Notice, first,
the discussion of order, followed by the discussion of individual lines. So, eg, we learn that the Kenyon edition
(Ed. pr.
2
)
omitted the terminal sigma of FILIPPHSIOUS in the title, as well as the two uncertain vowels of douloi in line 22 and all
letters in line 23.
Below the discussion of the papyri we see the actual apparatus. This is exceptionally clear and easy to understand. To
begin with, it lists
all
papyri and uncials which contain the passage (though lacunae in the uncials are not noted with the
fullness of the papyri). The apparatus is straightforward: Every variant starts with a lemma (the UBS text of the variant in
question), along with a list of supporters if appropriate. This is followed by the variant reading(s) with
their
supporters.
Again, we should note what this edition is
not.
It is not, despite the very full apparatus (which genuinely invites
comparison to Tischendorf, save that it is restricted to readings found in papyri and uncials), a collation. Since the
orthographic variants of the uncials are not noted, you cannot use it to reconstruct the actual text of an uncial. And if you
wish a collation of a papyrus, you will have to do it yourself. Finally, if you wish to know
which
corrector of an uncial
gave rise to a correction, you may have to refer to another edition.
Despite these drawbacks,
Das Neue Testament auf Papyrus
is one of the most useful tools available -- the first real
step in many years toward a full critical apparatus of the Epistles. It's most unfortunate that it is priced so high; this
volume should be on every textual critic's desk, not confined to seminary libraries.
Souter
Editor. Critical apparatus by Alexander Souter; the text itself is considered to be that underlying the English Revised
Version of 1881.
Date of Publication. The first edition,
Novvm Testamentvm Graece,
appeared in 1910. A revised edition (offering,
eg, the evidence of the Beatty papyri) was released in 1947.
The Text. The text of Souter is that of Archdeacon Edwin Palmer, and is considered to be the Greek text underlying the
English Revised Version. This produced a rather curious edition. To begin with, the scholars responsible for the RV were
mandated to make the fewest possible changes in the text of the King James Version. It was decided that changes in the
text could only be made by a two-thirds majority of the committee.
What is more, the committee had a rather haphazard method for determining the original text, allowing
generally favoured the Alexandrian text) and
(who preferred a more Byzantine text) to state their cases, then
choosing between the two. The result is a text which frequently follows Hort, but sporadically adopts Byzantine readings
as well.
Palmer's method exacerbated this problem. Since he wished to keep the text as close as possible to the KJV and the
, he made only the minimal number of revisions to the Greek text. Thus the text of Souter always follows
the TR at points of variation which cannot be rendered in English, while more often than not following the text of
at points where the variation affects the sense of the passage.
At least, this is what commentaries on the edition say. Interestingly, Souter's introduction does not mention Palmer. Even
more interesting, a check reveals that the text of the Apocalypse was
not
prepared by this method; it regularly goes
against the TR in variants which have no significance in English. I do not know the source of Souter's text of that book.
Mark's text also has many agreements with Westcott and Hort where a TR reading would be expected, though here it is
less consistent. One suspects that Palmer was not very careful in this book.
Still, that leaves perhaps 25 books largely based on the Textus Receptus. For this reason, critical editors rarely pay much
attention to the text of Souter. The apparatus is another matter.
The Apparatus. Souter's apparatus lists only a limited number of variants (perhaps a third the number found in Nestle-
Aland). The apparatus is, however, exceptionally clear and easy to use (which is fortunate, since the introduction consists
of a mere two and a half pages, in Latin). The reading of the text is given, usually followed by its support (in the order
papyri, uncials, minuscules, version, fathers; Souter does not classify witnesses). The variant readings and their support
follow (in some readings where the variant is thinly supported, the evidence for the text is not listed).
A noteworthy feature of Souter's apparatus is the degree of detail it gives about the Fathers. These are cited in careful
and specific detail. This is one of the best features of Souter's edition.
The revised edition of Souter cites papyri through P
48
, uncials through 0170, minuscules through 2322, a full list of
versions (including Armenian, Gothic, Georgian, and Ethiopic), and nearly two hundred fathers of all eras. The Byzantine
text is cited under the symbol w .
Swanson
Editor. Critical apparatus and parallels compiled by Reuben J. Swanson. The text is that of the
edition.
Date of Publication. Published in several volumes, and ongoing. The first volume,
The Horizontal Line Synopsis of
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the Gospels, Greek Edition; Volume I. The Gospel of Matthew,
was published in 1982 (and has since been
republished with the text of Codex Vaticanus replacing the original text). At present, the four gospels and the Acts have
been published (in separate volumes), and Paul is underway.
The Text. The Greek text of Swanson, as noted, is that of the UBS edition (now being replaced by Vaticanus), and has no
independent interest. The value of Swanson lies in its bulky but extremely clear apparatus.
The Apparatus . Swanson's apparatus, in the gospels, consists of three parts: Texts with parallels, critical apparatus, and
list of Old Testament allusions (the later simply a list of the Gospel verses and the Old Testament passages they cite).
The apparatus of parallels is perhaps the simplest of any now available. The first line of the text is that of the Gospel
under consideration. (This text can readily be recognized by the typeface; in Matthew, eg,it is underlined.) Below it are the
texts of the other gospels. This arrangement in parallel lines has the advantage of allowing much easier comparison with
the other gospels. The parallels are pointed up by the type, since places where the other gospels match the chosen edition
are printed in the same style. The example below illustrates the point for the opening words of Matthew 9:1 and its
parallels in Mark 5:18, Luke 8:37b.
M 9.
1
1
Mk 5.81
L 8.37b
autos
Kai
embas
kai
embainontos autou
de
embas
eis
eis
to
eis
ploion
ploion
ploion
parekalei
auton o daimonisqeis
The apparatus is equally straightforward (and equally bulky). The apparatus for the above line of text, for instance,
appears as follows, showing the full text of all the witnesses Swanson cites, including variations in spelling:
M 9. 1 embas
embas
embas
embas
enbas
enbas
embas
o
Ihsous
o
Ihsous
o
Ihsous
eis
eis
eis
eis
eis
eis
eis
to
to
to
ploion
ploion
ploion
ploion
ploion
ploion
ploion
o
Ihsous
BL 1.565.1582
C*
C
c
EFKW P
Q *
Q
c
13
This strength of Swanson is also a weakness, as it results in absolutely massive volumes. Swanson's volume of Matthew,
for instance, requires 362 pages of text and apparatus. Taking page size into account, this is 15.4 square metres of paper
surface. By comparison, the Aland synopsis of all four gospels takes only 29.1 square metres, and manages to include
more material (more manuscripts in the apparatus, if perhaps a poorer selection; citations from non-canonical gospels and
other sources; a fuller set of cross-references, etc.)
The list of witnesses cited in Swanson is, in many ways, superior to the various Aland editions. It is a relatively short list,
omitting fragmentary manuscripts and (for obvious reasons, given the nature of the apparatus) versions and fathers, but
the witnesses are generally balanced (as opposed to the Aland apparatus, which is biased toward the Alexandrian text and
heavily biased against the Byzantine). Again taking Matthew as an example, it includes the earliest Alexandrian witnesses (
BCL), the one and only "Western" witness (D), several leading "Cæsarean" witnesses ( Q 1 13 28 565 1582), two
important mixed witnesses (P
45
W), and (most unusually) an adequate set of Byzantine witnesses (AEFGKY P ). While the
apparatus contains some errors (inevitable in a project of such scope), it is generally accurate, and contains details not
found in any other critical edition. It is also interesting to examine a passage such as Matthew 15:22, where the Nestle
text seems to indicate a fairly stable tradition (no variant with more than four readings), but Swanson reveals no fewer
than thirteen variants in this passage, despite only fifteen of his witnesses being extant.
Tasker
Editors. Text and apparatus compiled by RVG Tasker based on the version translated in the
New English Bible.
Date of Publication.
The New English Bible
itself appeared in 1961; Tasker's retroversion into Greek,
The Greek
New Testament, Being the Text Translated in The New English Bible,
appeared in 1964. (As noted, Tasker's text
is a retroversion; for the most part the NEB committee did not actually prepare a text.)
The Text. As has often been the case when a text is compiled by a translation committee, Tasker's text is rather uneven.
It has been admitted that the reading adopted is often simply that preferred by the person who first attempted a
translation. The result is a text largely Alexandrian (normally following the
on which it is largely
based), but with odd mixtures of "Western" and Byzantine readings depending on the opinions of the translators. This
text, since it does not adhere to any textual theory or display much coherence, has not met with widespread approval.
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The Apparatus. Tasker's apparatus is very limited; it discusses only the few hundred variants noted in the NEB margin.
Only a handful of manuscripts (including 11 papyri up to P
51
, 27 uncials up to 0171, and 44 minuscules up to 2059) are
cited, and those sporadically. It is a rare note that cites more than ten manuscripts. On the other hand, the notes do
describe
why
the committee adopted the reading it did -- a useful practice since adopted by the UBS committee in its
supplementary volume.
Tischendorf
Editors. Text and apparatus edited by Constantin von Tischendorf.
Date of Publication. Tischendorf published no fewer than eight major editions in his life, as well as abridged editions
and various collations and facsimiles. His magnum opus, however, was the
Editio octava critica maior
(1869-1872),
which remains unsurpassed as a complete edition of the New Testament text.
The Text. Tischendorf's text is eclectic, though Tischendorf did not have a detailed textual theory. In practice he had a
strong preference for the readings of his discovery , especially where it agreed with D. His text thus has something of a
"Western" tinge, although it is generally Alexandrian (insofar as that text was known in the mid-Nineteenth century,
before B was made widely known). The resulting text, therefore, is not held in particularly high regard; the value of
Tischendorf lies in...
The Apparatus. Tischendorf's apparatus was, in its time, comprehensive, and it remains the most complete available. It
cited all major readings of all major manuscripts, offering the evidence of almost all known uncials, plus noteworthy
readings of many minuscules, the versions, and the Fathers.
Tischendorf's apparatus is generally easy to read, particularly if one knows Latin. A lemma is cited for all variants. If each
variant has significant support, the evidence for the text is listed following the lemma, followed by the variant reading(s)
and their support. If the variant is supported by only a few witnesses, the variant reading is cited immediately after the
lemma. So, for example, in Gal 1:4 the apparatus reads:
peri cum
*ADEFGKLP al
50
fere syr
p
Or
1,238
etc ... (= Gb Sz) uper cum
c
B 17. 67** al sat mu Ign
intpol314
al
This translates as peri , the reading of Tischendorf's text (read also by the uncited editions, ie Lachmann and Tischendorf
7
) is supported by the uncials * ADE(=D
abs
) FGKLP and about fifty other witnesses plus the Harklean Syriac (syr
p
) and
the cited text of Origen. The variant uper is supported by the Textus Receptus ( ) and the editions of Griesbach and
Scholz; by
c
, B, 17 (=33), 67** (=424
c
), by many other Greek witnesses, and by the cited text of Ignatius.
The greatest single difficulty with Tischendorf's apparatus is the nomenclature. Tischendorf died before he could finish his
introduction, so many of the witnesses cited were difficult to identify (this is particularly true of the Fathers, cited by a
complex system of abbreviations). Another complication is attributions; Tischendorf lived in the nineteenth century, and
even
he
did not have the time or the resources to verify everything he cited (nor could he always identify the manuscripts
cited in prior editions). So one often encounters a notation such as "6 ap Scri" (ie 6 according to Scrivener) or "cop
ms
ap
Mill et Wtst" (ie a manuscript of the [Bohairic] Coptic according to Mill and Wettstein). An introduction supplying much of
the needed background was supplied by Caspar Rene Gregory in 1894, but it is worth remembering that Tischendorf
wrote
before
Gregory revised the manuscript numbering system. Thus almost all minuscules (except in the Gospels), and
even some of the uncials, have the wrong numbers. In Paul, for instance, the minuscules most often cited include 17, 31,
37, 39, 46, 47, 67, 71, 73, 80, and 115; in modern notation, these are 33, 104, 69, 326, 181, 1908, 424, 1912, 441+442,
436, and 103. In addition, the names used for the versions have sometimes changed (eg syr
p
is the Harklean version, not
the Peshitta!). To make matters worse, Tischendorf often did not even use numbers for manuscripts; the sigla for more
recently-discovered documents often consists of a letter and a superscript indicating a collator, eg a
scr
means the "a"
manuscript collated by scr=Scrivener. This is the manuscript we know as 206. Most of the manuscripts cited under these
symbols are relatively unimportant, but it is worth noting that lo
ti
=p
scr
is the important minuscule 81.
To save space, in the Gospels Tischendorf cites a group of uncials as unc
9
; these represent a block of Byzantine uncials.
In addition to manuscripts, Tischendorf cites the readings of earlier editions: the Stephanus and Elzevir editions of the
, Griesbach, Scholz, Lachmann, and Tischendorf's own previous edition). (In fact, Tischendorf's
editio
minor
includes only those variants where these editions disagree.) Tischendorf also gives more explicit Latin evidence
than most editions; see the notes on
under the
.
United Bible Societies Edition
Editors. Original edition compiled by Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Bruce M. Metzger, and Allen Wikgren; Carlo M. Martini
joined the committee for the second and third editions; the fourth edition was prepared by Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland,
Johannes Karavidopoulos, Martini, and Metzger.
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Date of Publication. The first edition,
The Greek New Testament,
appeared in 1966. The second edition, slightly
revised, appeared in 1968. The third edition (1975) contained a significantly revised text (now generally cited as
UBS
or
GNT
) and a slightly revised apparatus. The fourth edition (1993) has the same text as the third, but a significantly
revised apparatus.
The Text. The UBS
3
text, which is also shared by the
26th and 27th editions of Nestle-Aland,
was prepared by a
committee. As a result, it has few of the erratic readings which might be found in the text of a single editor (a fact which
has been in large measure responsible for its widespread adoption). On the other hand, it is a strongly eclectic text, with
no clear textual theory behind it. In general it follows the Alexandrian witnesses, and is closer to the
text
than most of the other modern editions, but it is not as radically Alexandrian as Westcott and Hort.
The supplementary volume to the edition describes how the committee decided its text -- but only by example. The
volume gives details on how the committee chose many readings -- but makes no attempt to describe the theories
followed by the five editors. Nor do we know how the individual editors voted on the various readings (except for the
handful of readings where they have filed signed "minority opinions"). We have very little real sense how the text came
about.
The Apparatus. The apparatus of UBS is extremely limited; it is concerned only with variants "meaningful for translators."
In any given chapter of a book, one can expect to find only a half dozen or so variants. Thus the apparatus can in no
sense be considered complete.
On the other hand, the apparatus is easy to use and very full. For each reading, all papyri, all early uncials, and a handful
of late uncials are cited, as are several dozen minuscules, an assortment of lectionaries, a number of versions, and a wide
selection of fathers. All witnesses are explicitly cited for all variants, usually in the order papyri, uncials, minuscules,
lectionaries, versions, fathers. (There are a few minor exceptions to this; lectionaries are generally grouped under the
symbol
Lect,
and in the fourth edition certain uncials are listed following the symbol
Byz,
denoting the Byzantine text.)
Care must be taken with the list of witnesses, however. UBS
1
-UBS
3
contain lists of uncials and minuscules cited;
however, many of the uncials (eg EFGH of the gospels) are cited only exceptionally (this even though the list implies they
are cited fully), and many of the minuscules are cited for only part of their content. The correct list of minuscules cited for
each section of UBS
3
is as follows:
Gospels: (family 1) (family 13) 28 33 565 700 892 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1241 1242 1253 1344
1365 1546 1646 2148 2174
Acts: 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 945 1241 1505 1739 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495
Paul: 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495
Catholics: 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 945 1241 1505 1739 1877 1881 2127 2412 2492 2495
Revelation: 1 94 1006 1611 1828 1854 1859 2020 2042 2053 2065 2073 2081 2138 2344 2432
This problem has been reversed in UBS
4
, which explicitly lists which minuscules are cited for which sections -- but no
longer lists the actual contents of the manuscripts. This information must now be gathered from other sources.
Vogels
Editors. Heinrich Joseph Vogels.
Date of Publication. Original Greek text published 1920; Latin parallel added 1922; final edition published 1955.
The Text. It's hard to imagine a critic who would rate this text highly. The editing principle, if there is one, seems to have
been "choose the Alexandrian reading unless the Byzantine is easier." This is especially true in the gospels, where the
Byzantine element is very strong (almost strong enough that we could call it a Byzantine edition for those books), but has
some truth elswhere also. The text has many major agreements with the Byzantine text (eg Colossians 2:2, where Vogels
chooses the Byzantine reading against the united opinions of every modern editor), but also curious agreements with the
Alexandrians. It is thus the most Byzantine of the major editions, with some influence from Von Soden, but not Byzantine
enough to be considered even faintly a Majority Text edition.
The Latin side, as one would expect of a Roman Catholic scholar, is the Clementine Vulgate.
The Apparatus. The apparatus is as frustrating as the text. The number of variants cited is at the low end of adequate,
the number of witnesses cited is small -- and the minuscules are cited by Tischendorf numbers!
It's not hard to read the apparatus; it uses the fairly standard system of citing the lemma, then a bracket ], then the
variant readings, then their support. Vertical bars | separate the variants. The real question is, why would anyone want to
use the apparatus? If you're going to have to deal with Tischendorf numbers anyway, why not use Tischendorf (since it's
now available online)?
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The Latin apparatus records a handful of variants, but without indication of the manuscript tradition behind them (it could
be Amiatinus or it could be most of the tradition); it's even less use than the Greek apparatus.
Westcott & Hort
Editors. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892)
Date of Publication. The text was published in 1881 (under the title
The New Testament in the Original Greek;
an
Introduction [and] Appendix,
authored by Hort, appeared in 1882 (revised edition by FC Burkitt in 1892).
The Text. The WH text is a very strongly Alexandrian text -- so much so that Hort has been accused of constructing his
text simply by looking for the reading of Codex Vaticanus. The situation is not that simple; a better statement would be to
say that the edition used B as a
. Hort (who was the chief architect of the textual theory of the book) would
follow other witnesses if the internal evidence was sufficiently strong. The most noticeable instance of this is the famous
. Still, it is fair to say that Hort's text falls closer to B than that of any other critical edition. It
is, in fact, the one New Testament edition which approaches the method, used in some forms of non-Biblical criticism, of
editing from a
The Apparatus. The WH edition has no true critical apparatus; not one manuscript is cited in the main body of the
edition. There are a few variant readings in the margin; these are readings where the editors disagreed on the text or
were very uncertain of the original readings. They also have a list of "interesting" variants. In neither apparatus do they
supply a list of witnesses. The only textual evidence they give is in the discussion of readings in their
Introduction [and]
Appendix,
and even these are difficult to use as manuscripts are (inevitably) cited using Tischendorf numbers.
The lack of an apparatus in WH has been criticised by some. This is rather unfair in context. They worked very shortly
after Tischendorf published his eighth edition; they had nothing to add to it. (As both men were caught up in academic
and pastoral duties, they did not have the leisure to go and examine manuscripts in odd places. In any case, all
manuscripts known to be valuable, save B itself, had been studied by Tischendorf.) The problem with the WH edition is
not its lack of an apparatus, but the fact that the coordinated apparatus (Tischendorf's) is now hard to find and hard to
read.
The WH edition has another interesting feature: Some dozens of readings are obelized as "primitive errors" -- ie passages
where the original reading is no longer preserved in the extant manuscripts. Westcott and Hort did not see fit, in these
(they printed what they regarded as the oldest surviving reading), but the
presentation of their data makes it clear that they felt it to be needed in these passages.
Summary: A Comparison of the Various Editions
This section offers various comparisons of the materials in the sundry editions, to show the qualities of each edition.
(Note: Some editions, such as Swanson, are not included in certain of the comparisons, because they count variants in
different ways.)
For a truly detailed comparison of the major editions for the book of Colossians, see the
Sample Apparatus of Colossians
.
Statistic 1: Variants Per Chapter
Let's take a few selected chapters, and count how many variants are cited in each chapter by the various editions (note:
variants are usually but not quite always counted based on the way the editor divides them; the fact that SQE
13
and
Huck/Greeven both show 76 variants in Matthew 10, for instance, does
not
mean that they have the same variants or
even include similar classes of variants, just that they have about as many separate citations in the apparatus):
Sample 1: Matthew 10
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Aland:
SQE
ed. 13 76 (as shown on pp. 138-149)
Bover
21 showing ms. support; 2 more where only editors cited
Hodges & Farstad
10 MT variants; 19 MT vs. UBS variants
Huck/Greeven
76 (as shown on pp. 57-60)*
Merk
55 (+27 variants in the Latin parallel)
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Nestle ed. 13
43
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 50
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 58
Souter
12
Tasker
1
Tischendorf
147
UBS Ed. 3
5
UBS Ed. 4 +4
2 +2
Westcott & Hort
4 with marginal variants, 3 "noteworthy rejected"
*
For comparison, the equivalent sections in Huck/Lietzmann show 5 variants
Sample 2: Mark 2
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Aland:
SQE
ed. 13 109 (as shown on pp. 60-66)
Bover
36 showing ms. support; 3 more where only editors cited
Hodges & Farstad
11 MT variants; 46 MT vs. UBS variants
Huck/Greeven
102 (as shown on pp. 49-66)*
Merk
70 (+27 variants in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
47
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 50
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 48
Souter
8
Tasker
None
Tischendorf
140
UBS Ed. 3
10
UBS Ed. 4 +4
8
Westcott & Hort
13 with marginal variants, 1 "noteworthy rejected"
*
For comparison, the equivalent sections in Huck/Lietzmann show 12 variants
Sample 3: John 18
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Aland:
SQE
ed. 13 96 (as shown on pp. 455-475)
Bover
36 showing MS support; 1 more where only editors listed
Hodges & Farstad
13 MT variants; 40 MT vs. UBS variants
Merk
65 (+32 variants in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
42
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 49
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 72
Souter
6
Tasker
1
Tischendorf
162
UBS Ed. 3
4 +4
UBS Ed. 4 +4
3
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Westcott & Hort
7 with marginal variants, 1 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 4: Acts 6
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
5
Hodges & Farstad
3 MT variants; 5 MT vs. UBS variants
Merk
37 (+11 variants in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
24
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 27
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 26
Souter
9
Tasker
None
Tischendorf
78
UBS Ed. 3
3
UBS Ed. 4 +4
2 +2
Westcott & Hort
3 with marginal variants; 0 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 5: Acts 18
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
15 showing MS support; 1 more where only editors listed
Hodges & Farstad
8 MT variants; 26 MT vs. UBS variants
Merk
53 (+22 variants in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
56
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 60
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 59
Souter
24
Tasker
2 +2
Tischendorf
134
UBS Ed. 3
11
UBS Ed. 4 +4
10
Westcott & Hort
4 with marginal variants; 2 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 6: 1 Corinthians 13
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
8 showing MS support; 6 more where only editors listed
Hodges & Farstad
2 MT variants; 10 MT vs. UBS variants
Merk
26 (+11 variants in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
16
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 17
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 13
Souter
2 +2
Tasker
1
Tischendorf
46
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UBS Ed. 3
1
UBS Ed. 4 +4
3
Westcott & Hort
2 with marginal variants; 1 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 7: Colossians 2
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
14 showing MS support; 2 more where only editors cited
Hodges & Farstad
8 MT variants; 14 MT vs. UBS variants
Merk
37 (+36 in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
31
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 31
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 31
Souter
14
Tasker
None
Tischendorf
98
UBS Ed. 3
6
UBS Ed. 4 +4
7
Westcott & Hort
9 with marginal variants (3 being primitive errors), 0 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 8: James 2
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
10 showing MS support; 2 more where only editors cited
Hodges & Farstad
5 MT variants; 19 MT vs. UBS variants
Merk
41 (+24 in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
36
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 39
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 49
Souter
13
Tasker
1
Tischendorf
67
UBS Ed. 3
3
UBS Ed. 4 +4
4 +4
Westcott & Hort
6 with marginal variants (one being a punctuation variant), 0 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 9: 1 John 4
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
7 showing MS support; 1 more where only editors cited
Hodges & Farstad
4 MT variants; 7 MT vs. UBS variants
Merk
39 (+24 in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
28
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 29
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 35
Souter
5
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Tasker
None
Tischendorf
57
UBS Ed. 3
4 +4
UBS Ed. 4 +4
5
Westcott & Hort
5 with marginal variants, 1 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 10: Revelation 8
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
7 showing MS support; 1 more where only editors cited
Hodges & Farstad
17
Merk
29 (+30 in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
19
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 19
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 29
Souter
9
Tasker
None
Tischendorf
56
UBS Ed. 3
1
UBS Ed. 4 +4
None
Westcott & Hort
4 with marginal variants, 1 "noteworthy rejected"
Sample 11: Revelation 15
Edition
Variants in Apparatus
Bover
4 showing MS support; 2 more where only editors cited
Hodges & Farstad
20
Merk
19 (+23 in the Latin parallel)
Nestle ed. 13
13
Nestle-Aland ed. 25 14
Nestle-Aland ed. 27 24
Souter
7
Tasker
1
Tischendorf
45
UBS Ed. 3
3
UBS Ed. 4 +4
2 +2
Westcott & Hort
2 with marginal variants, 0 "noteworthy rejected"
Appendix: Latin Editions
In addition to a full set of Greek editions, a thorough student of the New Testament text should have access to a variety
of Latin editions. We will not dwell at length on the various Latin editions, but the following section supplies brief notes.
Observe that
only editions with an apparatus are listed.
So, for example, the Latin text of Bover, which is the
Vulgate without apparatus, is ignored
Merk. (For publication data, see the entry on Greek
). This is in many ways the handiest of the Latin editions, as it
combines Greek and Latin editions side by side, with a critical apparatus of each. The Latin text is the Clementine Vulgate,
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but the apparatus (quite full for a manual edition) makes it easy to ascertain which variants are older. More than three
dozen Vulgate witnesses are cited in total, with usually several dozen in each book; in addition, the Old Latin codices are
cited heavily.
Unfortunately, the result is not as accurate as might be hoped. Tests against Tischendorf and the smaller WW edition
seem to indicate a high rate of errors, at least for am and ful. If exact knowledge of the readings of these manuscripts is
for some reason essential, the student is advised to rely on other sources if possible.
Nestle. This exists both as a standalone edition and as a Greek/Latin diglot; I've used the diglot. The scope of the edition
is extremely limited: The text is the Clementine Vulgate, and the only variants noted are those in amiatinus (A), Fuldensis
(F), and editions such as the Sixtine and Wordsworth-White editions. In addition, the presentation is such that it is often
nearly impossible to determine which just which manuscripts support which readings. As a parallel to Greek Nestle, Latin
Nestle has some slight value (mostly because the parallels line up nicely). It is not, in itself, a particularly useful edition,
either in text or apparatus.
Tischendorf. Tischendorf published Latin editions (what didn't he publish?), but this is a reference to the eighth edition
of his
Greek
New Testament. This, of course, lacks a Latin text, but if you are using the Latin solely for purposes of
examining the Greek, Tischendorf's edition is more useful than several of the other editions here. Tischendorf cites the
Clementine Vulgate (vg
cle
) and four manuscripts consistently: am(iatinus), demid(ovianus), fu(ldensis) and tol(etanus),
with their consensus being noted simply as vg. He also cites others, such as harl(eianus), occasionally. It's only a handful
of manuscripts, but at least you know exactly what you are getting.
Weber (the Stuttgart Vulgate ). The vg
st
of the Nestle editions. In some ways, the best of the hand editions; it is the
only edition other than Wordsworth-White (on which it is significantly dependent) to have a critical text, and the only one
other than Merk to have a real apparatus with a significant selection of witnesses. Plus, it notes the exact extent of all the
manuscripts is noted. And, unlike Merk, the apparatus is generally regarded as accurate. Sadly, it has two drawbacks: Not
enough variants, and not enough range of witnesses. To demonstrate the point about variants, we look at 1
Thessalonians. The Stuttgart edition has, by my casual count, 88 variants, often of very slight scope. This is twice the
count of the lesser Wordsworth-White -- but Merk has 104 variants, often covering more text, in this book. Thus, as with
the Greek, one really should have two hand editions. For the Greek, it's Nestle for accuracy and Merk for a full list of
variants; on the Latin side, one should have vg
st
for accuracy and Merk for range.
Wordsworth-White
Editio Minor.
This is probably the sort of edition that should have been used in the Nestle diglot. It
is a critical text (identical in some parts to the larger Wordsworth-White edition, though distinct in certain books where the
larger edition was unfinished at that time). The critical apparatus cites also enough good manuscripts to be useful, as well
as the readings of the Sixtine and Clementine editions. That's the good news. The bad news is, the manuscripts are not
cited with any regularity. All variants in the editions are noted, but readings of the manuscripts only rarely. Taking as a
random example the book of 1 Thessalonians, the edition cites a total of 45 variants. Only five of these cite the
manuscripts; the rest cite only editions. Thus the apparatus, while generally accurate, is quite limited.
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