PRAWD.

ZDANIE TWIERDZĄCE (TERAŹNIEJSZOŚD)

ZDANIE PRZECZĄCE (TERAŹNIEJSZOŚD)

100%

She is reading a book pewnośd

She isn't reading

a

book. pewnośd

95%

She must be reading a book. możliwośd

She can't be reading a book. brak możliwości

50%

She may be reading a book. możliwośd

She may not be reading a book. możliwośd

49%

She might be reading a book. możliwośd

She might not be reading a book. możliwośc

0-20%

She could be reading a book. możliwośd

PRAWD.

ZDANIE TWIERDZĄCE (PRZESZŁOŚD)

ZDANIE PRZECZĄCE (PRZESZŁŚD)

100%

She was reading a book pewnośd

She wasn't reading a book. pewnośd

95%

She must have been reading a book. możliwośd

She can't have been reading a book.
She couldn't have been reading a book. brak możliwości

50%

She may have been reading a book. możliwośd

She may not have been reading a book. możliwośd

49%

She might have been reading a book. możliwośd

She might not have been reading a book. możliwośd

0-20%

She could have been reading a book. możliwośd

CZASOWNIKI MODALNE WYRAŻAJĄCE OBLIGACJĘ

FUNKCJA

WYRAZ

TERAŹNIEJSZY PRZYSZŁY

CZAS PRZESZŁY

Silna obligacja

must

I must bring you the book I borrowed.

I had to bring you the book I'd borrowed

Silna obligacja

musn't

You mustn't smoke in here.

You weren't allowed to smoke in here.

Silna obligacja

have to

You have to stay at home tonight

You had to stay at home that night.

CZASOWNIKI WYRAŻAJĄCE BRAK OBLIGACJI

FUNKCJA

WYRAZ

TERAŹNIEJSZY PRZYSZŁY

CZAS PRZESZŁY

Brak obligacji

don't have to

I don't have to study, becasue I already have.

I didn't have to study, because I already had.

Brak obligacji

don't need to

I don't need to take

that

course.

I didn't need to take that course.

Brak obligacji

needn't

You needn't buy me a present.

You needn't have bought me a present.

CZASOWNIKI WYRAŻAJĄCE RADĘ

FUNKCJA

WYRAZ

TERAŹNIEJSZY I PRZYSZŁY

CZAS PRZESZŁY

Rada (formalna)

would

I would do this if I were you

I would have done it if I'd been you.

Rada (formalna)

woudn't

I wouldn't talk to him if I were you.

I wouldn't have talk to him if I'd been you.

Rada (nieformalna)

should

You should take up football.

You should have taken up football.

Rada (nieformalna)

shouldn't

You shouldn't talk back to your parents.

You shouldn't have talked back to your parents.

Rada (nieformalna)

ought to

You ought to come at 10 o'clock.

You ought to have come at 10 o'clock.

Rada (nieformalna)

ought not to

You ought not to stay here.

You ought not to have stayed here