<Prehistory of GB wouldn't be tested >

Romans - first invaders who had written language, so their invasion was a turning point for Britain

Nomadic groups - don't stay at one place

Barrow, burial mound - kurhan

Beaker - bell-shaped thing used for drinking - puchar

Hill-fort

Ploughing - orka

Precious - drogocenny, szlachetny

Privilege - przywilej

WHAT TO REMEMBER: Britain was not always an island and before Roman invasion it was settled by Celts.

ROMAN INVASION:

1. Prehistory -> history

2. Julius Caesar - his first attempt was not successful because of bad weather conditions, second - was.

ROMANS WANTED BRITAIN - WHY?

1. richness in natural resources (forests, land, mineral: iron, silver, lead)

2. mild climate (good for farming) - agriculture was the base of Roman economy

3. GB produced a lot of food

4. Celts of GB offered help to the Celts of Gaul (against the Empire), Romans weren't pleased with that fact

5. Pacifying barbarian tribes was generally regarded a major factor to gain military glory and prestige

ROMAN BRITAIN -> BRITANNIA

1. They could not conquer “Caledonia” (Scotlend), so they built Hadrian's Wall as a defence against the Scotish Picts

2. They conquered Wales, but they were not interested in those lands

BOUDICA - it was a queen which revolted against Romans because they betrayed her husband (they promised to protect his family and lands in exchange for (w zamian za) taking part of those lands, but after his death they take whole land). Boudica was flogged (chłostać biczem) and her daughters were raped, so she went furious and burnt few Roman cities. Finally she lost the battle.

RESULTS OF ROMAN INVASION:

1. Literacy increased

2. They brought law

3. Language (Latin became official language, mostly in towns) -> bilingualism - Celtic language was spoken as well

4. -chester, -caster, -cester - a Roman towns end up with termination like that

5. Romans brought peace to the island (tribal fights between Celts stopped)

6. Advancement (water supply, under-floor heating)

7. Villas appeared in the countryside (luxury houses)

8. Roads and bridges were built -> economic life increased

9. Romanization - visible in style, architecture, jewellery, leather shoe etc.

10. Urban expansion - Romans were town-dwellers (=inhabitant), a lot of public buildings were situated in their towns (temples, public baths, courts, forums, etc.). Roman towns were surrounded by walls to feel more secure.

TOWNS

1. Colonies - Romans lived there

2. Municipia - large cities, Irish population was given Roman citizenship

3. Civitas - Celtic capitals, there was no Roman citizenship there

END

1. Under Roman reigns Britain was made into one of the most valuable and wealthies provinces

2. Picts ad Scots attacked Britain + Saxons attacked from different direction = Romans didn't manage to beat two enemies

3. The collapse of Roman Empire in Europe (4 century)

HISTORIA WIELKIEJ BRYTANII - WYKŁAD - 6 October 2011

---