FIZYKA1 (10) DOC


I Pracownia Zakładu Fizyki PL.

Nazwisko i imię Madej Rafał

Grupa ED 2.5

Data wyk. Ćwicz

02.03.98

Numer ćwicz.

1

Temat ćwiczenia : Wyznaczenie prędkości fali głosowej metodą rezonansu

Zaliczenie

Ocena

Data

Podpis

1.Zasada pomiaru

Wyznaczenia prędkości fali głosowej dokonuje się przy wykorzystaniu zjawiska powstawania fali stojącej (rezonansu) słupa powietrza w rurze wywołanej drganiem kamertonu. Drgający kamerton jest źródłem fali, która ulega odbiciu od granicy ośrodków (woda) i interferuje z falą padająca tworząc falę stojącą. Regulując długością słupa powietrza w rurze (poprzez zmianę poziomu wody) można doprowadzić do wzbudzenia drgań własnych (rezonansu), co objawia się zwiększeniem siły głosu. Fala stojąca ma wtedy węzeł na poziomie wody, a strzałkę u wylotu rury. Jeżeli będziemy zmieniali wysokość słupa powietrza wypuszczając z rury wodę będziemy obserwowali powstawanie rezonansu za każdym razem, gdy wysokość słupa powietrza będzie równa nieparzystej wielokrotności ćwiartki długości fali dźwiękowej.

gdzie n = 0,1,2,3...

Mierząc odległość pomiędzy dwoma kolejnymi wzmocnieniami znajdujemy połowę długości fali.

Znając częstotliwość kamertonu możemy obliczyć prędkość rozchodzenia się fali głosowej w powietrzu o temperaturze 273 K ze wzoru:

Podstawiając za λ wartość obliczoną z różnicy poziomów l2-l1 otrzymujemy wzór końcowy:

2.wyniki pomiarów

Lp.

l1

l2

ν

T

m

m

m

m

1/s

K

m/s

1

0,17

0,563

2

0,167

0,559

3

0,166

0,562

4

0,165

0,560

5

0,164

0,563

0,166

0,162

440

298

333,5

6

0,164

0,566

7

0,165

0,561

8

0,164

0,563

9

0,165

0,562

10

0,167

0,565

3.Obliczenia

4.Dyskusja błędów

r=l1-l2

ri2

4*10-3

16*10-6

1*10-3

1*10-6

0*10-3

0*10-6

-1*10-3

1*10-6

-2*10-3

4*10-6

-2*10-3

4*10-6

-1*10-3

1*10-6

-2*10-3

4*10-6

1*10-3

1*10-6

-1*10-3

1*10-6

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