(/'i(),;

bE()LENSION.

5. The Definite Article is thus declined:

IlL-FIRST

DEOLENSION.

(The stems of this declension end in a.)

I.

FEMININES.

Sing. Nom.

Voe.

Ace.

Gen.

Dat.

Dual.

N. V.A.

G.D.

Plm.

Nom.

Yoc.

Ace.

/ Gen.

Dat.

STEM.

ENGLISH.

x"'pa.

v ....

,-;.\

X~pii,

land' (Subject)

xoopii,

0 land

xoopiiv,

la,nd (Object)

xoopii<;, of land

XOOP'l-' to

or

f07' land

xoopii,

two lands

x

6J

patv,

of (or to orfor)

,

two lands

xwpat,

lands

XWpat,

0

lands

xoopas,

lands

xwp@v,

of lands

X6Jpat<;,

to

or

for lands

Sing. Nom.

Ace.

("')'·Gen.

i,',

'Vat.

'!

Dual.

iv.

A.

G.D.

Plur. Nom.

Ace.

Gen.

Dat.

TOt,

Tal:,

TOt,

There is no separate form of the indefinite article in Greek.

A

8ubstantive preceded in English by the indefinite article will appear
in Greek without any article at alL

1.

The definite article agrees with its substantive in

gender, number, and case, as T]

xoopa,

the land.

2.

It is very frequently, but not invariably, used with

abstract substantives, as T]

a-oep[a,

wisdom.

It is also often

used to denote a whole class, as

a

av8pw7ro"

man;

Ot

{3arn-

).~" kings.

3. It is often used with the proper names of well-known

persons, or of persons previously mentioned, as (,

2,WKpaT1J"

the

great Socrates, or the Socrates of whom toe have been speaking.

q,ALa.,

friendship.

epJda

eptA(a

<jJtA[iiv
<jJtA[as -
<jJ,A[q.

<jJrJ.iii
<jJ,Atatv

<jJD...tat

<jJD\.tat
eptA[os
<jJUv.wv
<jJtA[ru.,

-yAwrrrra.,

·!"LIla.,

l(fugue.

honour.

yAwa-a-a

nll-~'

yAWua-a

nll-~

yAWua--iiv

nll-frv

y ArfJa-a-¥]>

nll-~'

y~crg

nil-V

yAWa-a-a.

~

nJ1-a

yAWa-a-alV

np.atv

yAwa-a-aL

nil-at

yAWa-a-Q,

n;uJ.,

yAwa-a-wv

Ttp.Wv

yAr!Ja-a-at<;

Ttfl-at,

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

a

T]

,

TO

TOV

T¥

,

TO

'TOl)

ry'

TOV

TetJ

'r[)

T~

u

u

TOO

f

f

TW

TW

TOtV

TOtV

TOW

Ot

at

,

Ta

7'O"V~

,

Ta.

Ta,

TWV

TWV

rwv

EXERCISE

I.

()avll-rfJ;,a,

(he) admires.

Bavll-atova-L(V)*,

(they) admire.

~~a-~(:~,

(~~)

gives.

~~;6::~!;,

~~~:;)h;~~.:" ,(

(For the other words in the exercise see' Voc~b"i.)

Translate :-
A.-I.

~'

7rtJyij<;.

2.

rY]vap£rr}v.

3.

TOtV 7rtJya.tv.

4.

TV

VUWPTJ: .

,5. 'l"d,',M0uCTa,.

1. o'f;the qU:een.':~. Justice (object). 3. For the brides. 4. The

two-fountains. 5. 0 queens.

,. Verbs ending in

(J'l

add

v

v

when they- come at the end of

when the next word begins with

a sentence.

S,

vowel. They may also receive

l/))

ie'

'" "

J.

ivyJ

U

Nom.

Voc.

Ace.

Gen.

Dat.

N. V.A.

G.D.

N.V.

Ace.

Gen.

Dat.

, . If the Nom. Sing. ends in

a

preceded by a vowel or

p,

a.'is retained throughout the singular.

If the Nom. Sing. ends in

a

preceded by any con-

sonant otheJ; than

p.

a

is changed to

1]

in the Gen. and

Dat. Sing.

If the Nom. Sing. ends in

1],1]

is retained throughout

the singular.

B.-I.

~ •

A{)TJva

{)avRH

T7]V fToep[av.

2. ~

xwpa.

mrt0s

:Xet.

3.

h

fToep[a. i)[OWfTL TL';'~v Tfj (3a(]'Lx~[?-.

4. at (3acro..~Lal."'

~v

'iiX~eHav

{)avJJ-a?,ovcrL.

5.

ai vVJJ-epaL BavJJ-a?,ovcrL

r1]v

7l"'I7"'iilV

TOW Movcrwv.

6. ~

iiP"-T~

TLJJ-T,v ~XH.

7. BavJJ-cf.?,H ~v

xnpav

rij,

(3acrLAAac;.

8. ai Moverat

croeptall i)Lo6acrw.

1. They admire the justice of the q~eel;l' 2. The Muses have a

fountaiIl.. 3. Justice gives honour to qUErens. 4. He admires the
queen's virtlles.

5. They give a fountaiIl. to the

_,..Muses.

6. Athena admires the bride.

7. Virtue, 0 queen, gives honour.

8. The queens have lands.

v,

4. After the verb

to be,

and passive verbs, the Predicate

substantive is placed in the same case as the Subject to
which it refers, as

h

yYj

crepal.pG. Eernv, the

earth

is a globe;

Kvpoc; a7r~odX(}TJ fTTpaTTJYoc;, Cyrus

was appointed

general.

5. The Article is not to be used with the Predicate

substantive.

Thus ~

(}€OcrE(3E(G. Ecrnll

&PX~ rijc; cro<j>[ac;,the

fear

of God is the beginning

of wisdom.

6. The Possessive Genitive is

frequently

inserted

between the Article ani the substantive upon which the

Genitive depends, as

h

TWV rr~pfTWV

X6:,pa, the

land

of

the

Persians.

€fTT[(V), (he)

is.

E7raWeL, (he) praises.

dcr[(

II),

(they)

are.

E7raLllovcrL(V), (they)

paise.

'Aih)va.,

which is contracted from

'AO'l)vc!.-CJ.,

retains

a

throughout:

N. V.

'A81/va.,

A.

'A8'1)"a",

G

'A01/"a.s,

D.

'A07)Pij.

p.va, mina

(a sum of

money),which is for

,.,."c!.-a,

is declined like'

AO'l)vii

in the sing.; in the

duoand pI. it is regular.

A.-I.

Tfj &.p~Tfj.

2'-T{~·_·Mo,jcr....

3.

TtlS

p{?,ac;.

4.

rijc;

. cfn>J,!-,~

5.

rWII VlJJJ-¢wv,

6. ~

'AB1]vliv .•

1.

'10 th;'eMh.

2.

ie;

iillse~;

3. Friendship' (object).

4.

of

the roots. 5. For the soul.

6. The beginning (object).

c

j",

-:;.~

II' '),,,

11"

"

B.-I,

1]

rpJua

nJJ-1]1I €X~L.

2.

at

vvp.¢at

(}avp.OJ;.ov(n

Ta~

rYjc; {3Oocrt.>..da';X6JpOoc;. 3.

'1

&.pcr1] Eern n]<; tjrvxfjc; p6:,JJ-TJ. 4. ai

Mowat

T1jv IJOrptOoIIE7raWovcrLII.

5.

h

8€OcrE{3W1. E(Tn p{~a rYjc;

&.p~.'6.

h

rlJs (3aerr.AdOoc; rpt.>..[a

EfTTl

Ttjk7I TV vUJJ-¢TJ.

7. ~

fTO¥Oo TV

lfroxv

U8WfTL p6:,p.TJv.

8.

T~V

36tav

r1C; &.pErijC;

9I:

0verw•

9. at MovcraL nJJ-TJv T;1 'AB1]v;;' i)t06acrLv.

.

1. Virtue is (the) cause of friendship.

2. Athena

praisoo the

wisdom of the Muses.

3. The desire of virtue is the beginning of

wisdom.

4. The earth has roots.

5. The Muses give the desire of

wisdom. 6. The fear-of-God* is the fountain of the virtues.

7. He

praises truth.

8. '1'he lands are an honour to the queen.

9. They

admire the wisdom of Athena.

II.

MasCULINES

OF

FIRST

DECLENSION.

STEM.

Vea.\"LClo,

.".o>";;,,,a.,

ENGLISH.

youngman.

citizen:

Sing.

Nom.

e:

_,_

o

7rOALT1]-C;

o

v~aVLa-c;

Voc.

-

,-

7f'Oi\.t:Ta

Vfavw.

Ace.

,-

?roAtTTJ-V

VEavta-v

Gen.

-

,

7roi\.trou

V~aVLOv

Dat.

vEav[Cf

7f'oi\.try

Dual.

N.

V.A.

V€G.VL<i

7l"o>J:ra.

G.D.

-

,

7rOi\.tTatV

V~aIlLa.L1I

Plur.

N. V.

-

,

7f'oi\.L'Tlit

IIfaVLaL

Ace.

-

,-

?rOA-tTa.••

veallLac;

Gen.

Vfa.VLWV

uoA~TWV

Dat.

V€aVLUI.t;

'lJ'OMra.L<;

Masculine nouns of the 1st Decl. ending in

''T'I)S,

and those which

express nationality, as

n£pfT'I)S,

a Persian, form the Voc. Sing. in

a,

as

'lroJ\.lT1/s

above.

Other nouns in

''I)S

of the 1st. DecI. form the Voc.

Sing. in

'I),

as

Kp,v!1l1/s,

Voc. Sing.

Kpa"fll,].

EXERCISE

III.

~II,

(he)

was.

~(5av, (they)

were.

rpO!YiT(J.L, (he)

fears.

rpo/3ovVTat,

(they)

fear.

A.-I.

rov

p.aBTJTov.

2.

ro/.'

~vprra/.c;.

3.

rw

voo&a..

. 4. TOll 7rO)."tTTJII. 5~ -ref; O'orpunfj.

6. 6) 'EpJJ-1j.

1. 0 poets.

2. Of the sailor.

3. To the Persians.

4. Of the

two-soldiers.

5; The judges (object).

6. 0 master.

* English words connected by

by one word only in Greek.

Ilo

hyphen are to be rendered