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Zbigniew Hanzelka

Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, 30-019 Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 30

tel.: (012) 633 28 78; fax: (012) 633 22 84, e-mail: hanzel@uci.agh.edu.pl

Konsultant techniczny Twelve Electric.

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Odpowiednikiem tego dokumentu w USA jest IEEE Std. 1159-1995: IEEE recommended practice for

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Dla porównania, analogiczne dane szacowane dla: odbiorców komunalnych – 0,9%, 8,8h; szpitali i lotnisk –

0,99%, 53 min. (wg. EDF/EPRI 2000)

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Z SXQNFLH LFK SU]\áF]HQLD L Z\ZRáXMH ]MDZLVND UH]RQDQVRZH GOD FRUD] QL*V]\FK

F]VWRWOLZRFLZPLDUZ]URVWXPRF\EDWHULL

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LQZHVW\FML ,VWQLHMFH V\VWHP\ ]DVLODMFH L XU]G]HQLD Z\WZyUF]H SRGOHJDM PRGHUQL]DFML

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HOHNWURQLF]Q\FK 8U]G]HQLD WH Z ZLHOX SU]\SDGNDFK ZSURZDG]DM ]QDF]FH ]DEXU]HQLD
elektromagnetyczne, np. SVC.

Ekologia elektromagnetyczna

-DNRüHQHUJLLWRHOHPHQWZLNV]HMFDáRFL±MDNRFL*\FLD

3URPRZDQH V REHFQLH ZV]HONLH SU]HGVLZ]LFLD VáX*FH ]DFKRZDQLX ÄF]\VWRFL´

URGRZLVND WDN*H HOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QHJR 5yZQRF]HQLH URQLH ZLDGRPRü UDQJL

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MDNRFL,VWQLHMHFRUD]SRZV]HFKQLHMV]HSU]HNRQDQLH*HWH]DJDGQLHQLDWRSUREOHPNWyUHJR

QLH PR*QD QLH ]DXZD*Dü 1LH PR*QD F]HNDü ] MHJR UR]ZL]DQLHP D* SRMDZL VL

QHJDW\ZQH VNXWNL 7U]HED JR DQDOL]RZDü L UR]ZL]\ZDü QD ND*G\P HWDSLH WHFKQLF]Q\FK

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ZDUWRFL QLH PQLHMV]HM QL* ZDUWRFL V]F]\WRZHM ]QDPLRQRZHJR QDSLFLD ]DVLODQLD QLH GRW\F]\áR WR

ZV]\VWNLFKXU]G]HHQHUJRHOHNWURQLF]Q\FK>,(((7UDQV,$@

3U]\NáDGRZR VWZLHUG]RQR *H Z URNX Z 1LHPF]HFK DZDULL R FKDUDNWHU]H HOHNWU\F]Q\P E\áR

spowodowanych zaburzeniami elektromagnetycznymi (Knapp, 1994). Wg. [

0lUWHO @ UHGQLH NRV]W\

SU]HUZZ]DVLODQLXZ\QRV]Z1LHPF]HFKRNRáR'0]DN:K5RF]QHNRV]W\]ZL]DQH]SU]HUZDPLZ

]DVLODQLXRFHQLDVLQDPOQ'0QDWRPLDVWURF]QHNRV]W\HQHUJHW\NL]ZL]DQH]LQZHVW\FMDPLZVLHFLDFK

]DVLODMF\FK L UR]G]LHOF]\FK Z RVWDWQLFK ODWDFK Z\QRVLá\ UHGQLR POG '0 URF]QLH SU]\ F]\P ZLNV]Rü

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6]DFXMHVL*HURF]QHVWUDW\IDEU\NVDPRFKRGRZ\FKZ86$VSRZRGRZDQH]DNáyFHQLDPLQDSLFLDVLJDM
mln USD [Douglas 1994].

'RPLMDQDRNRáRHQHUJLLZ86$]X*\ZDQDMHVWSU]H]VLOQLNLHOHNWU\F]QH7DNPDVRZ\SURGXNWPR*H

Z\ZLHUDüRJURPQ\QHJDW\ZQ\ZSá\ZQDVLHü]DVLODMF

Restrukturyzacja sektora energetycznego wytwarza nowe rynkowe postawy u

XF]HVWQLNyZ-DNRü]DVLODQLDVWDMHVLZFRUD]ZLNV]\PVWRSQLXNDWHJRULPDUNHWLQJRZ

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MDNLP]DNUHVLHPDRGSRZLDGDü]DSRV]F]HJyOQHDVSHNW\MDNRFL]DVLODQLD

5R]ZyMPHWRGLURGNyZWHFKQLF]Q\FKVáX*F\FKGRSRPLDUXUy*Q\FKQLHNLHG\EDUG]R

]áR*RQ\FK Z VZHM GHILQLFML ZVND(QLNyZ MDNRFL HQHUJLL 7R FR MHV]F]H QLHGDZQR E\áR

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SRPLDURZ\ MHVW SRZV]HFKQLH GRVWSQ\ MHJR FHQD Z FRUD] ZLNV]\P VWRSQLX XOHJD

UHGXNFML FR VSUDZLD *H SUDNW\F]QLH ZV]\VF\ XF]HVWQLF\ U\QNRZHM JU\ PDM PR*OLZRü
kontrolowania warunków zasilania.

-DNRü HQHUJLL WR UyZQLH* RJURPQH SLHQLG]H 3U]\NáDGRZR Z 86$ V]DFXMH VL *H

RNRáR FDáNRZLW\FK NRV]WyZ LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK GRW\F]F\FK FHQWUDOQ\FK LQVWDODFML

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SRSUDZLHMDNRFLHQHUJLLWRW\ONRZ86$U\QHNZLHOXELOLRQyZ86$Douglas, 1994)

*'=,(-(67(0<'=,"

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NDWHJRULQLHW\ONRWHFKQLF]QOHF]UyZQLH*DPR*HJáyZQLHHNRQRPLF]Q=UH]\JQRZDQLH]
systemu wspólnych elektrowni, wspólnych sieci transmisyjnych i rozdzielczych na rzecz

Uy*Q\FKNRQNXUXMF\FK]HVRESURGXFHQWyZHQHUJLLZVSyOQHMVLHFLZ\áF]QLH GR SU]HV\áX

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NOLHQWHPW]QSU]\MFLHNRPHUF\MQHJRRGG]LHOHQLDHQHUJLLHOHNWU\F]QHMMDNRSURGXNWXRGMHM

WUDQVPLVML WUDNWRZDQHM MDNR XVáXJD VWZRU]\áR SUREOHP UHNRQVWUXNFML WDU\I ]D HQHUJL L

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1LHSRZVWDáGRW\FKF]DVZ3ROVFHGRNXPHQWSU]HGVWDZLDMF\ZVSRVyENRPSOHNVRZ\VWDQ

MDNRFLHQHUJLLZNUDMX

PR*QDZLF]JRG]LüVL]SRJOGHPZ\UD*RQ\PZ>Lenarski 1997],

*H REHFQLH QLH ZLDGRPR F]\ HQHUJHW\ND SROVND MHVW SU]\JRWRZDQD GR SU]\MFLD QRZ\FK

SU]HSLVyZ PLG]\QDURGRZ\FK : SU]\SDGNX LFK ZGUR*HQLD RGELRUFD V]F]HJyOQLH GX*\

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Wg [

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:W\PFHOXRSUDFRZDQHEGRGSRZLHGQLH]DOHFHQLDGRW\F]FH]DZDUWRFLWDNLHJRUDSRUWXNWyUHXF]\QLJR
spójnym z innymi dokumentami Unii [European Commission ...

@5HDNFMQDWSURSR]\FME\áRSRZRáDQLH

przez UNIPEDE grupy ekspertów DISQUAL, która w swym opracowaniu [Draft report ...] proponuje, aby
UDSRUW WHQ ]DZLHUDá JáyZQLH LQIRUPDFMH R GáXJLFK SU]HUZDFK Z ]DVLODQLX

〉

PLQ XMWH Z SRVWDFL WU]HFK

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PLQXWEH]]DVLODQLDZURNXGODRGELRUF\FUHGQLF]DVSU]HUZ\3U]\NáDGRZR,(((VWRVXMHSLüZVND(QLNyZ

RSLVXMF\FKSU]HUZ\Z]DVLODQLX>Dugan 1996].

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VWRSQLX]SUREOHPHPMDNRFLGRVWDZ\HQHUJLLHOHNWU\F]QHM

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stopniu, potrzeb inwestycyjnych w energetyce.

: XVWDZLH R SUDZLH HQHUJHW\F]Q\P SRMDZLá\ VL VIRUPXáRZDQLD R RERZL]NX

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MDNRFLRZ\FKS

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Z]DNUHVLHFLJáRFLGRVWDZ\HQHUJLLHOHNWU\F]QHM

8ND]DQLH VL Ä5R]SRU]G]HQLD PLQLVWUD JRVSRGDUNL [...] w sprawie [...] standardów

MDNRFLRZ\FK REVáXJL RGELRUFyZ´ SRGOHJDMFHJR REHFQLH PRG\ILNDFML QLH UR]ZL]DáR

SUDZQ\FK SUREOHPyZ ]ZL]DQ\FK ] MDNRFL HQHUJLL Z 3ROVFH :UF] SU]HFLZQLH ]URG]LáR

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SDUDPHWUyZ MDNRFL HQHUJLL RNUHOLü SUHF\]\MQLH RGSRZLHG]LDOQRü GRVWDZF\ ]D

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takich informacji.

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Z]DNUHVLHXSXVWyZLGRSáDW]ZL]DQ\FK]Z\PDJDQLDPLMDNRFLRZ\PLHQHUJLLHOHNWU\F]QHM

Z\SRVD*\ü]DNáDG\HQHUJHW\F]QHLZ\VSHFMDOL]RZDQHILUP\DWDN*HSODFyZNLQDXNRZR

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ELH*FHM NRQWUROL SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK SDUDPHWUyZ RNUHOLü WU\E RGV]NRGRZD RUD] ]DVDG\
rozstrzygania sporów

. Ponadto warto:

•

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ERZLHP QDGDO GX*D GRZROQRü RNUHOH L QLHZ\VWDUF]DMFD SUHF\]MD Z GHILQLFMDFK

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HOHNWURPDJQHW\F]QHM 317 U]HF] R RJURPQ\P ]QDF]HQLX QLH UR]ZL]DáR

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budzi on wiele kontrowersji i wznieca dyskusje (podobnie jak i w innych krajach).

•

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ZV]\VWNLFK SDVWZ HXURSHMVNLFK

=D QLHZ\VWDUF]DMFH PR*QD X]QDü Z\NRQDQH

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punktów pomiarowych. Tylko kompleksowy program, konsekwentnie realizowany,

SR]ZROL ]LQZHQWDU\]RZDü LVWQLHMF\ VWDQ MDNRFL HQHUJLL Z VLHFLDFK UR]G]LHOF]\FK L

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ESKOM.

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(1)

EPRI Distribution Power Quality (DPQ)

3URMHFWUR]SRF]W\ZURNXGZXOHWQLSURJUDPDPHU\NDVNL

ZUDPDFKNWyUHJRPRQLWRURZDQRSXQNWyZZUHMRQDFKHQHUJHW\F]Q\FKZFHOXRFHQ\VWDQXMDNRFL
energii w sieciach dystrybucyjnych.

(2)

3URJUDP PRQLWRURZDQLD MDNRFL HQHUJLL Z G]LHZLFLX NUDMDFK (XURS\ UHDOL]RZDQ\ SRG SDWURQDWHP The
International Union of Producers and Distributors of Electrical Energy (UNIPEDE) w 1985 r.

(3)

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Association, Montreal.

(5)

Projekt zrealizowany w Norwegii przez Norwegian Electric Power Research Institute w Trondheim itp.

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HOHNWU\F]Q ZLDGF]HQLD XVáXJ SU]HV\áRZ\FK UXFKX VLHFLRZHJR L HNVSORDWDFML VLHFL RUD] VWDQGDUGyZ

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