4 Target of the European Union  20 - 20  20
- this target was adopted by the European Council at its Spring 2007 meeting
By 2020:
1) saving of 20% of the Union's primary energy consumption by the
increasing of energy efficiency
a) on the side of production: for example: expansion of cogeneration technologies
(a combination of production of electricity and heat, etc..).
b) on the side of consumption: increasing energy efficiency in consumption, for
example: insulation of buildings, use of efficient devices, light sources, ...,
2) the EU has committed to cutting its emissions to 20% below 1990 levels
3) the EU will reach a 20% share of energy from renewable
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0265:FIN:SK:PDF
http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/targets_sk.pdf
http://www.energia.sk/analyza/energeticka-efektivnost/eu-chce-viac-setrit-energiami/6832/
1
http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser_2010_report_1.pdf
4.1 Increasing of energy efficiency
a) Energy efficiency improvements on the production side
The thermal power plants is the energy
conversion efficiency low, even in the most
modern plants is a maximum of 50 %.
One of the way how to improve energy efficiency is using of energy cogeneration.
In the cogeneration process the waste heat is
advantageously used for domestic hot water
heating, and similar purposes. At the same time
the energy is used to generate electricity and
waste heat is available for further use.
It is possible to reach about 80% of the thermal
efficiency based on the energy content of the
fuel calorific value.
http://www.kombinovana-vyroba.cz/ 2
http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogenerace
b) Energy efficiency improvements on the side of consumption
Final energy consumption by
sector of the EU states
Note: Transport and industry
consume more than half of
the total final energy in the
EU, while a quarter of final
energy is consumed by
households.
Evolution of energy consumption
by sector of the EU states
Note: Final energy
consumed by transport has
strongly increased in the
last 2 decades
(+31%) even though the
economic crisis has slightly
3
reversed the curb in 2009.
4
5
6
7
8
Energy savings potential by sectors
9
http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/commission/2011/Presentation_speeches/2ndDay/02_Fabrizio_Barbaso.pdf
4.2 Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in EU
Production of CO2 by sectors in EU counties in 2009
Note: Energy industries are responsible for 35% of CO2 emissions. Transport
comes just after with 30% of CO2 emissions.
10
Evolution of the greenhouse gas emissions in EU countries
The term EU-15 refers to the 15 Member States of the European Union as of December 31, 2003, before the
new Member States joined the EU. The 15 Member States are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
11
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer
4.3 Increasing of use of renewable energy in EU
12
Member states progress towards 2020 targets in
renewable energy
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/doc/2012_energy_transport_figures.pdf
Evolution of EU gross inland energy consumption by fuel
Note: The quasi-stability of energy consumption in the EU (it increased by only 2%
between 1990 and 2009) hides a strong decline in coal consumption (-41%) while the
consumption of renewables and gas grew by 116% and 41% respectively.
13
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Energy mix in member states in 2009
Note: The picture of the energy mix strongly varies among Member States. For
instance Malta energy consumption is 100% dependent on oil, while oil accounts
for less than 20% of the energy consumption in Estonia.
14
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Expected development of the EU's energy from renewable sources by 2020
Note: Solar, wind and biomass are the technologies progressing most rapidly.
Solar and wind develop for electricity generation while biomass remains dominant
for the heating sector.
15
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Development of investments in renewable energy
Note: In 2009, investment in renewable energy fell in the EU by 10% in the context
of the economic crisis, while it increased by more than 50% in China&
16
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Electricity generation in the EU by type of fuel (comparison between 1990 and 2009)
Note: Gas and renewables are more and more contributing to the electricity
generation in the EU, just after nuclear and coal& .
17
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Share of nuclear in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)
Note: In 2009, 15 Member States produced electricity from nuclear energy, with the
highest share in France (76 %).
18
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Share of gas in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)
Note: Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Ireland and Italy produced more than 50 %
of their electricity from gas.
19
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Share of coal (and other solid fuels) in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)
Note: Electricity generation from coal remains particularly high in Poland and
Estonia.
20
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Share of oil in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)
Note: Electricity generation in Malta and Cyprus is quasi exclusively
dependent on oil.
21
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
Share of renewables in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)
Note: In Austria, 68 % of electricity generation was provided by renewable energy
sources in 2009 while the EU average was of 18%...
22
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf
23
24