Homework 2: based on chapter 5, Phonetics: the sounds of language, Fromkin & Rodman
What is phonetics?
Relationship between speech sounds and spelling.
Spelling is unsystematically created and it's because of the history - borrowed words, loosing sounds that are to hard to pronounce.
What is segmentation?
It's when one word ends and second starts.
What problem is illustrated in the cartoon on p.177?
What's the story of `apron'?
Instead of a napron they started to mispronounce to an apron.
What does this statement tell us about human language: no two speakers ever say the `same thing' identically... p.179?
That all people are different according to size and not a sound is speaken in the same way.
Speech chain, what is it?
What does it mean that some properties of sounds are more important than others?
Intonation, pitch, loudness is less important that voice, place.
What ways of classifying speech sounds can you think of?
All that were in table.
Do you think that figure 5.3 proves that English has three types of plosives? Yes? Why?, No? Why?
Yes.
Describe the difference in the articulation of stops & affricates
Notatki na kompie.
Why do Cantonese speakers substitute an [l] for an [r] when speaking English?
They say /l/ instead of /r/.
What happens with English liquids when preceded by aspirated stops?
It's getting voiced because of the aspiration. P'lei
What are sonorants? List
Oposed to obstruents: vowels, sonants and sonant consonant
Explain the ambiguous status of [w]
It's both velar and bilabial at the same time.
Why can [h] be called a glide?
Can be, but it's not.
Why [] can be classified as a glide or a stop?
If glide is define as a consonant produced without obstruction in glottal.
Decode the statement in the cartoon on p. 199
Parameters of vowel articulation
Time position, part of the tongue involved, lip position (rounded or unrounded).
What are prosodic properties / features of speech?
Length, pitch, tone, loudness, stress.
Be ready to discuss the following terms and words: gibberish, IPA, infinitesimal, schwa, enunciation, egressive, ingressive, implosive, click, continuants, aspiration, friction, uvular fricative, liquids, frictionless continuant, glide / semivowel, pursed lips, diphthong, monophthong, diacritics, tone language, intonation language