GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Has/have + been + -ing (present participle)

Positive and negative

I/we/you/they have been writing an essay.

I/we/you/they haven't been writing an essay.

He/she/it has been writing an essay.

He/she/it hasn't been writing an essay.

Questions

Have I we/you/they been writing an essay?

Has she/he/it been writing an essay?

We use present perfect continuous:

1. To express an action which began in the past and continues to the present:

I've been learning English for two years (I started in the past and continue)

I've been living here for ten years (... and I still live here now)

2. To refer to a past activity with a present result:

I have been washing the car (so now I am wet)

I have been playing tennis (so now I am tired)

UWAGA The differences between present perfect simple and continuous:

How long have you lived here? (both sentences have little difference)

How long have you been living here?

I have been playing football for years. (emphasises a long time)

I have played football for years. (this does not emphasise time)

I have written five Christmas cards. (I have finished this job)

I have been writing Christmas cards. (I haven't finished yet)

I have loved her since I met her (correct - a stative verb*)

I have been loving her since I met her (incorrect)

*We generally do not use continuous tenses with verbs which express feelings or states: think, love, feel, know etc.

Practice 1

Decide if you should use present perfect simple or continuous to complete the sentences. Sometimes both may be possible:

1. I ...............................(wait) here for three hours! I'm not happy.

2. How long ............................ (have) your car?

3. I ...................................... (write) this letter all day.

4. .............................. (finish) your homework yet?

5. John .................................. (work) in the garden, so he is dirty.

6. I ....................................... (study) Polish for three ears but I can't say "trzy."

7. I .............................. (collect) stamps for many years.

8. I went shopping this morning. I ......................................... (buy) many things.

9. I ...................................... (know) Hermann for two years.

10. My grandmother ......................................... (die) and I'm very sad.

VOCABULARY

SPELLING

Practice 1

Can you find any spelling mistakes in these sentences? There may be two mistakes in one sentence.

1. Unfortunatelly, I must complain about the service I recived.

2. I don't belive that he is the President of America. He is to short.

3. I am writting to complain about Wunda Vodka.

4. My dog was always bitting me, so I asked the doctor to give it a lethal injection.

5. If you want to be a soldier you must have bravery and strenght.

6. The magician tried to proof that it was not a trick.

7. This book is realy intresting, isn't it?

8. I have developped a new system.

9. My teacher was dissapointed when I did not do my homework.

10. Could you tell me how much the accomodation costs?

PREPOSITIONS

Practice 2

Choose a suitable preposition to complete these sentences:

about of on for with at

1. He was grateful ............... my help.

2. Hermann said he was worried .............. the exam.

3. The room is full ........... students.

4. I'm very excited ............... our holiday next week.

5. My sister is good ................. tennis, but I am not interested ........... sports.

6. Some people are afraid ....... the dark

7. I am keen ........... football. What are your hobbies?

8. He's famous .......... being a Hollywood film star.

9. She's never on time. She was even late .......... her own wedding.

10. The teacher was not satisfied ............. my work.

Vocabulary from the unit:

bravery - męstwo, dzielność

complain - narzekać

develop - rozwijać

disappointed - rozczarowany, zawiedziony

excited - podekscytowany

injection - zastrzyk

lethal - śmiercionośny

prove - udowadniać

satisfied - zadowolony

soldier - żołnierz

LESSON 19 - answer key

GRAMMAR

Practice 1

1. I have been waiting (wait) here for three hours! I'm not happy.

2. How long have you had (have, you) your car?

3. I have been writing (write) this letter all day.

4. Have you finished (finish) your homework yet?

5. John has been working (work) in the garden, so he is dirty.

6. I have been studying (study) Polish for three ears but I can't say "trzy."

7. I have been collecting (collect) stamps for many years.

8. I went shopping this morning. I have bought (buy) many things.

9. I have known (know) Hermann for two years.

10. My grandmother has died (die) and I'm very sad.

VOCABULARY

Practice 1

1. Unfortunatelly Unfortunately, I must complain about the service I recived received.

2. I don't belive believe that he is the President of America. He is to too short.

3. I am writting writing to complain about Wunda Vodka.

4. My dog was always bitting biting me, so I asked the doctor to give it a lethal injection.

5. If you want to be a soldier you must have bravery and strenght strength.

6. The magician tried to proof prove that it was not a trick.

7. This book is realy really intresting interesting, isn't it?

8. I have developped developed a new system.

9. My teacher was dissapointed disappointed when I did not do my homework.

10. Could you tell me how much the accomodation accommodation costs?

Practice 2

1. He was grateful for my help.

2. Hermann said he was worried about the exam.

3. The room is full of students.

4. I'm very excited about our holiday next week.

5. My sister is good at tennis, but I am not interested in sports.

6. Some people are afraid of the dark

7. I am keen on football. What are your hobbies?

8. He's famous for being a Hollywood film star.

9. She's never on time. She was even late for her own wedding.

10. The teacher was not satisfied with my work.

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