TRENING MATURZYSTY

POZIOM ROZSZERZONY

ROZUMIENIE TEKSTU CZYTANEGO - ZADANIA

Zadanie 10.(10pkt)

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Hunting

Even though I have been a confirmed 'townie' since I was a teenager, I was nevertheless bemused to read recently of a pressure group in England which calls itself the Countryside Alliance. They claim to speak for everyone who lives in the country and are at present trying to prevent the vast majority of the population from passing a law to ban the cruel and unnecessary sport called hunting. Such a law has already been introduced in Scotland.

The killing of animals in rural Britain in my experience takes several forms: farmers with shotguns shooting at pheasants to keep them from eating their crops; a group of young lads going out at night to catch rabbits to sell to the local butcher to supplement their income; or the rich charging around the countryside on horses with dogs chasing a fox in the name of sport.

It is this last activity that has drawn the most opposition in the last twenty or so years, as protesters have grown into well-organised 'hunt saboteur' groups. In turn, the wealthy landowners and others with plenty of spare cash, the 'green welly brigade', who carry on this strange tradition, have been raising their voices on TV and through street demonstrations. They claim that their activities are providing jobs in the rural economy as well as keeping down vermin and helping to preserve a long and noble tradition.

In other countries hunting seems to be more widespread amongst the rural population. In southern Europe groups of men head out into the country, at certain times of the year specified by law, often in combat gear, to shoot at anything that moves. As in Britain, they have to pay through the nose for the privilege, and very often the animals have to be brought in especially for the purpose from somewhere else! What they kill they often take home, however, so that the dead animal at least finds its way onto the dinner table. Even here, however, it is essentially a sport or hobby, even if those involved might imagine they are engaged in some life or death test of man against nature.

Anthropologists tell us that the pursuit of animals is a very ancient custom dating from the days of the hunter gatherer when bringing home a hunk of protein was one of the male's primary functions. It is still central to the lifestyle of some communities such as the Inuit or rainforest dwellers. What scientists have found, however, is that these communities, while they depend on hunting to survive, rarely take more than a small proportion of the animal population and therefore never endanger any one species as a whole. Indeed, studies of hunting in Britain reveal that such pastimes rarely affect to any significant degree the overall numbers of the local fox population; the foxes merely move out of the area for a while.

Zadanie 11. (6 pkt)

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India

August the 15th is the birthday of modern, independent India. Fifty seven years ago Jawaharlal Nehru claimed independence for this huge country and its massive population. To celebrate, let's look at some ways Indian culture has influenced and inspired other cultures around the world.

First yoga, which is an ancient Hindu philosophy and system of exercises originating in India. Yoga is now recognised all over the world as an intelligent form of exercise. Regular practice can heal minor illnesses, change your state of mind, help you lose weight or work your muscles. More and more different types of yoga are being developed and the original poses have been adapted to suit modern needs.

One of the most famous things about modern Indian culture is the Indian film industry, known as Bollywood. The usual story is about a boy and a girl who love each other but their families don't approve. There is a lot of dancing and singing in the film as the boy and girl try to convince their families to let them marry. The increasing interest in Bollywood films inspired Andrew Lloyd Webber to produce the musical Bombay Dreams, which had a very successful two years in London - everyone loved the music and the costumes! The show is now being shown on Broadway - the first Indian-themed musical to be shown there.

There are plenty of words used by people all over the world which have come from Indian languages. From Hindi we have shampoo, a word used with various spellings in quite a few languages, including German and Portuguese. This is a body or hair wash, but was originally a body scrubbing with herbs and warm water. A guru was originally a Hindu religious teacher, but these days the word is usually used to describe anyone who knows a lot about a certain subject and is considered an expert.

Finally, pyjamas, the most comfortable clothes in the world, originated in India. Most of us usually wear them around the house or while sleeping. But the original pyjama suit is to be worn anywhere, and is still worn in India. Pyjamas are only the loose trousers, and these are worn with a very long shirt called a kurta. This is usually white or a pastel colour. Men usually wear pyjamas and kurtas, but women in India have shalwar (trousers) and a kameez, which is like a dress worn over the shalwar. Both of these suits are so comfortable and adaptable that in about 20 years' time they should be more popular than jeans!

Zadanie 12. (9 pkt)

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Billy Weaver had travelled down from London on the slow afternoon train, with a change at Swindon on the way, and by the time he got to Bath it was about nine o'clock in the evening and the moon was coming up out of a starry sky over the houses opposite the station entrance. But the air was deadly cold and the wind was like a flat blade of ice on his cheeks.

"Excuse me," he said, "but is there a fairly cheap hotel not too far away from here?"

"Try The Bell and Dragon," the porter answered, pointing down the road. "They might take you in.

It's about a quarter of a mile along on the other side."

Billy thanked him and picked up his suitcase and set out to walk the quarter-mile to The Bell and

Dragon. He had never been to Bath before. He didn't know anyone who lived there. But Mr

Greenslade at the Head Office in London had told him it was a splendid city.

"Find your own lodgings," he had said, "and then go along and report to the Branch Manager as soon as you've got yourself settled."

Billy was seventeen years old. He was wearing a new navy-blue overcoat, a new brown trilby hat, and a new brown suit, and he was feeling fine. He walked briskly down the street. He was trying to do everything briskly these days. Briskness, he had decided, was the one common characteristic of all successful businessmen. The big shots up at Head Office were absolutely fantastically brisk all the time. There were no shops on this wide street that he was walking along, only a line of tall houses on each side, all them identical. They had porches and pillars and four or five steps going up to their front doors, and it was obvious that once upon a time they had been very swanky residences. But now, even in the darkness, he could see that the paint was peeling from the woodwork on their doors and windows, and that the handsome white facades were cracked and blotchy from neglect. Suddenly, in a downstairs window that was brilliantly illuminated by a street-lamp not six yards away, Billy caught sight of a printed notice propped up against the glass in one of the upper panes. It said BED AND BREAKFAST. There was a vase of yellow chrysanthemums, tall and beautiful, standing just underneath the notice. He stopped walking. He moved a bit closer. Green curtains (some sort of velvety material) were hanging down on either side of the window. The chrysanthemums looked wonderful beside them. He went right up and peered through the glass into the room, and the first thing he saw was a bright fire burning in the hearth. On the carpet in front of the fire, a pretty little dachshund was curled up asleep with its nose tucked into its belly. The room itself, so far as he could see in the halfdarkness, was filled with pleasant furniture. A big sofa and several plump armchairs; and in one corner he spotted a large parrot in a cage. Animals were usually a good sign in a place like this, Billy told himself; and all in all, it looked to him as though it would be a pretty decent house to stay in. Certainly it would be more comfortable than The Bell and Dragon.

He had never stayed in any boarding-houses, though and, to be perfectly honest, he was a tiny bit frightened of them. The name itself conjured up images of watery cabbage, rapacious landladies, and a powerful smell of kippers in the living-room. After dithering about like this for two or three minutes, Billy decided that he would walk on and take a look at The Bell and Dragon before making up his mind. He turned to go. And now a queer thing happened to him. He was in the act of stepping back and turning away from the window when all at once his eye was caught and held in the most peculiar manner by the small notice that was there. BED AND BREAKFAST, it said. BED AND BREAKFAST, BED AND BREAKFAST, BED AND BREAKFAST. Each word was like a large black eye staring at him through the glass, holding him, compelling him, to stay where he was and not to walk away from that house, and the next thing he knew, he was actually moving across from the window to the front door of the house, climbing the steps that led up to it, and reaching for the bell.

Zadanie 13. (5 pkt)

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Gunpowder plot 'would have razed the palace'

Guy Fawkes would have blown the Houses of Parliament sky high if his gunpowder plot had succedeed, according to a new study by experts.

The plot, the Catholic conspiracy to wipe out the nation's political elite on November, 5th, 1605, centered around five people, Robert Catesby, Thomas Winter, Thomas Percy, John Wright and Guido Fawkes, later joined by Robert Keyes.

(13.1.) Had it succeeded, a new "worst case" study estimates that Fawkes could have caused total destruction up to a radius of 135ft. (13.2.) ……….. The Institute of Physics asked physicists from the centre for Explosion Studies at the University of Wales to work out the effects of detonating about 36 barrels of gunpowder. (13.3.) …… Fawkes was a siege expert who worked for the Spanish in Flanders. (13.4.) ……… "If he had the gunpowder confined in barrels, and well packed-in, and if it was as powerful as the equivalent TNT explosion, this would be a fairly good model", said one of the physicists.

CZĘŚĆ I

A That was the amount Fawkes had packed in a cellar under the old Westminster Hall.

B He had handled explosives before.

C There he got much experience in sea navigating and the art of aboardage.

D Their plan was discovered the night before.

E This would have destroyed the old palace of Westminster and Westminster Hall, the Abbey and surrounding streets.

CZĘŚĆ II

Na podstawie informacji zawartych w artykule wybierz odpowiedź zgodną z jego treścią. Zakreśl jedną z trzech możliwości A, B lub C.

13.5. The author of the article is writing to...

1. express his opinion on the political results of Guy Fawkes' Plot.

2. criticize the plot and show its harmful effects it had on the current political situation.

3. discuss the scientific research on possible effects of the exposion.

Zadanie 14. (5 pkt)

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Blair plans to win back women

Tony Blair will this week launch a massive bid to win back women - fearing Britain's female voters have fallen out of love with Labour. The Prime Minister will use his keynote speech to his party's annual conference to unveil the biggest-ever package for women and the family.

Mr Blair believes floating female voters hold the key to a record third election victory. And he will
use his last major speech to the party faithful before a likely May election to breathe life into a love affair, (14.1.)

The party private polls show they need to win back the trust of ordinary women voters by talking
about the issues that matter to them. The conflict in Iraq has left many thinking that they have
forgotten about the domestic agenda. The party intends to nail that myth this week with one of the
most radical packages. (14.2.)

In his address to the Brighton event on Tuesday, the PM will make clear his determination to put the family and equal rights at the heart of Labour's manifesto.

He is also expected to announce legislation for employees to be allowed to take time out of work to visit family members ill in hospital. (14.3.)

But yesterday women in Worcester signalled Mr Blair has a long way to go to woo them back.

(14.4.) She said: "I feel that he's losing my confidence - and that of the

British people."

CZĘŚĆ I

A. It will concern maternity leave, extend child-care facilities, new legislation to enshrine
equal pay for women, and better protection for pregnant women who take time off work.

B. which even his own advisers admit has turned sour.

C. Mother-of-two Sarah Lakin, 29, is unhappy with the PM over his Iraq policy and his "poo­dle" relationship with the US.

D. which will help hospitals's staff to handle the problem of neglected patients more effec­
tively

E. And new dads will be encouraged to take more time off- they are to be offered 90 per cent of their earnings for a fortnight's leave.

CZĘŚĆ II

Na podstawie informacji zawartych w artykule wybierz odpowiedź zgodną z jego treścią. Zakreśl jedną z trzech możliwości A, B lub C.

14.5. The author of the article is writing to...

1. inform about the steps the Labour Party is planning to take to win the women voters back.

2. criticize the steps the labour Party has already taken to win the women voters back.

1. discuss the nationwide problem of the poor healthcare system that has to be improved in order to help the Party win the election.

Zadanie 15. (5 pkt)

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THE MAGUS by John Fowles

The Magus is told from the point of view of Nicholas Urfe, who is bored with life. Having attended Oxford and taught for a year at a public school, he decides to take a position as the English teacher at the Lord Bryon School in Greece, on the island of Phraxos. Nicholas looks up a former teacher there,

and is warned to "Beware of the waiting-room," without explanation. (15.1.)

During the last few weeks before he leaves, he meets Alison Kelly, an Australian girl who is about to begin training as an airline stewardess. They are both sophisticated about sex and somewhat cynical, but each experiences some regret as they go their separate ways.

During his first six months on Phraxos, Nicholas finds the school claustrophobic but the island beautiful. (15.2.) In a funk, he visits a brothel in Athens and contracts a venereal

disease. He seriously contemplates suicide. The first of the novel's three parts ends at this point.

The mysteries begin as Nicholas goes swimming and someone leaves a book of poems, evidently meant for him to find. (15.3.) One of his colleagues at the school explains

that the villa is owned by a rich recluse named Maurice Conchis. Nicholas decides to look him up.

(15.4.) After some conversation, as Nicholas is leaving, he finds an old-fashioned glove on the path and surmises that someone has been watching them...

(adapted from www.fowlesbooks.com)

CZĘŚĆ I

A As he looks in the woods nearby, he finds a gate to a villa with a nearby sign Salle

D 'Attente, French for "waiting room".

B However, Nicholas is not deterred.

C He finds, inexplicably, that he is expected.

D Invited back for the next weekend, Nicholas is astonished by Conchis' collection of art and by his claim to be psychic.

E He realizes that he cannot write good poetry and that he is having difficulty forgetting Alison.

CZĘŚĆ II

Na podstawie informacji zawartych w tekście wybierz odpowiedź zgodną z jego treścią. Zakreśl jedną z trzech możliwości A, B lub C.

15.5. The Magus by John Fowles is the novel about...

1. the existentional problems the young and ambitious teachers suffer in Greece.

2. the spiritual development of the main character and his mysterious acquaintance Mr Conchis

3. the romantic and mysterious love affair set on a beautiful Greek island of Phraxos.

Zadanie 16. (3 pkt)

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At least 18 dead as Ivan hits US

Hurricane Ivan slammed into the United States in the early hours of yesterday, killing at least 18 people and pummelling a broad swath of coastline from Louisiana to Florida with severe winds, torrential rain and waves as high as 25ft.

Coastal homes were destroyed and one-and-a-half million people were still without electricity yesterday after 130mph winds swept ashore. The worst of the storm hit the Alabama seaside resort of Gulf Shores, where the eye of the hurricane reached land and alligators were seen swimming in the streets after a zoo was flooded. Four other people with medical conditions died after being evacuated from the New Orleans area to safer parts of Louisiana.

In Gulf Shores, flooding of up to 9ft reached half a mile inland and the local zoo. Most of the animals had been evacuated, but nine alligators and 20 deer remained and were loose in the water yesterday, the authorities said. Elsewhere, though, relief was the dominant emotion, as those who had defied orders to evacuate emerged to inspect the damage.

But the city was spared the full force of the hurricane - and there was no need for the 10,000 body bags that the authorities had readied.

As Ivan moved inland, it lost much of its strength and was downgraded from a category four to a category one storm. The wider region was bracing for more trouble: a new tropical storm, Jeanne, hit the Dominican Republic yesterday with winds close to hurricane strength and a trajectory likely to take it through the Bahamas and on towards the south-east US, the latest violent storm in an unusually lively hurricane season. The Red Cross, meanwhile, renewed its appeal on behalf of those left homeless in the Caribbean, where Ivan caused at least 70 deaths. It said about £2.6m was urgently required for basic needs.

16.1. The general aim of this article is...

1. to report on the damage the hurricane has caused in some US states recently.

2. to inform the citizens about the main centres of medical help in the destroyed regions.

3. to warn the inhabitants about alligators which were released from the local ZOO by flood­ing waters.

4. to appeal on behalf of the casualties to supply them with some basic survival products.

16.2. Hurricane Ivan brought severe damages to...

1. the coast of Louisiana, Alabama and Florida.

2. the most inland areas of Louisiana.

3. the harbour of New Orleans sparing Gulf Shore Resorts.

4. some local medical centres and caused death of many animals.

16.3. Moving inland Ivan...

1. changed its trajectory completely.

2. gradually started losing his power.

3. hit the Dominican Republic.

4. was pushed towards the Bahamas and the south-east of the USA.

Zadanie 17.(3pkt)

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Northern Alaska

Northern Alaska is Arctic Alaska, a remote land of extremes, where traditional people follow ancient calendars and where national politics plays a prominent role. This area above the Arctic Circle -without large summer runs of salmon and facing months of twilight and bitter cold every winter - is alive in the summer with millions of migratory waterfowl.

Wildlife

The Native population has depended since time immemorial on the animals and vegetation of the Northern region. Caribou, whales and birds enabled - and still do, in many cases - the subsistence lifestyle to provide food and clothing. Other animals in the region include polar, black and brown

bears; wolves; musk oxen; small mammals such as beavers and foxes; and huge flocks of migratory swans, geese, ducks and shorebirds from not only North America but also from the other continents.

Oil

The oil fields around Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska provide about 20 percent of the United States' consumption. The associated construction, pipeline and transportation industries are a base of the state and regional economy. The oil companies' desire to explore for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, to the east of the established oil fields, has focused attention on the refuge's caribou herd and on the Gwich'in people, who depend on the caribou, as well as on the issues of what a refuge should protect and on the nation's demand for oil. But even as the drilling issue makes its way through the political corridors, tourism in the refuge has increased. On the western side of Arctic Alaska, a mine north of Kotzebue is the nation's largest provider of zinc. The central Brooks Range has some gold mines, a remnant of a rush in the early 20th century.

Northern parks and refuges

Northern Alaska features Gates Of The Arctic and Kobuk Valley national parks, Cape Krusenstern, a national preserve and several national wild rivers. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge attracts hundreds of visitors a year for wildlife viewing and for rafting trips down its scenic rivers. The refuge is often reached by small plane from Fairbanks. Northwestern Alaska is thought to be where the first people crossed the Bering Land Bridge into North America. Archaeological digs have found material dating 10,000 and more years old.

Outdoors

Fishing for sheefish, pike and other species is good in some lakes and rivers. The federal land is open country for hikers and wildlife watchers. Hunters seek caribou, bears and birds, and some crews from some coastal villages harvest bowhead whales. Because of the lack of roads, travel out of town is by boat or small plane.

17.1. The text was written to...

A) give the general information about one of the regions in Alaska.

2. attract the visitors to Northern Alaska.

3. persuade the public opinion to support oil drilling in Alaska.

4. inform the potential hikers about the best places to visit.

17.2. The wildlife of Alaska...

1. has always supported the native people of the area.

2. as always depended on the native people of Alaska.

3. consists totally of migratory animals.

4. has been protected by Oil Drilling Companies.

17.3. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is...

1. nowadays used as an exploration field of an oil drilling company.

2. becoming more and more popular with tourists.

3. established on the former oil fields.

4. is a refuge area of caribou herds and the Gwich'in people.

Zadanie 18. (3 pkt)

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Queen Elizabeth II

The Queen was born in London on 21 April 1926, the first child of The Duke and Duchess of York, subsequently King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Five weeks later she was christened Elizabeth Alexandra Mary in the chapel at Buckingham Palace. The Princess's early years were spent at 145 Piccadilly in London. When she was six years old, her parents took over Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park as their own country home.

EDUCATION. Princess Elizabeth was educated at home with Princess Margaret, her younger sister. After her father succeeded to the throne in 1936 and she became heir to the throne, she started to study constitutional history and law. She also studied art and music; learned to ride (she has been a keen horsewoman since early childhood); and enjoyed amateur theatricals and swimming.

EARLY PUBLIC LIFE. As the Princess grew older she began to take part in public life. She broadcast for the first time in October 1940, when she was 14; she sent a message during the BBC's children's programme to all the children of Britain and the Commonwealth, and on her sixteenth birthday she carried out her first public engagement, when she inspected the regiment. Thereafter her official duties increased, particularly in connection with young people: she was President of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children in Hackney and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. From March 1944 onwards, she also began to accompany the King and Queen on many of their tours within Britain.

Shortly after her eighteenth birthday in 1944, Princess Elizabeth, for the first time, carried out some of the duties of Head of State. After the end of the war, Princess Elizabeth's public engagements continued to grow, and she travelled extensively to attend public functions throughout the British Isles. Her first official overseas visit took place in 1947, when she accompanied her parents and sister on a tour of South Africa.

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY. Shortly after the Royal Family returned from South Africa, the Princess's engagement to Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten was announced. The couple, who had known each other for many years, were married in Westminster Abbey on 20 November 1947. Lieutenant Mountbatten, now His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was the son of Prince Andrew of Greece and a great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria. The Royal couple had four children, and seven grandchildren.

ACCESSION AND CORONATION. After her marriage Princess Elizabeth paid formal visits with The Duke of Edinburgh to France and Greece; King George VI's illness forced him to abandon his proposed visit to Australia and New Zealand so The Princess, accompanied by Prince Philip, took his place. On 6 February, during the first stage of this journey, in Kenya, she received the news of her father's death and her own accession to the throne. Her Majesty's coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953.

ROLE AS MONARCH. Since her Coronation, as Head of State, The Queen maintains close contact with the Prime Minister, with whom she has a weekly audience when she is in London, and with other Ministers of the Crown. She sees all Cabinet papers and the records of Cabinet and Cabinet Committee meetings. She receives important Foreign Office telegrams and a daily summary of events in Parliament. The Queen is Patron or President of over 700 organizations.

18.1. The main topic of this text is...

1. some basic information about life and official duties of Queen Elizabeth II.

2. the history of Queen Elizabeth II' reign.

3. Queen Elizabeth II and her family life.

4. the role of the monarch in the modern British society.

18.2. Princess Elizabeth's early public duties...

1. occupied most of her time.

2. ere carried out mainly with the assistance of her parents.

3. increased gradually with her age.

4. grew dramatically during the World War II.

18.3. Shortly after her marriage to Prince Philip Mountbatten, The Queen...

1. abandoned her father and visited Australia and New Zealand.

2. set off on an official journey on behalf of her ill father.

3. went to Kenya to get over her father's death.

4. Prince Philip took place of George VI during his illness.

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