Five seconds after hearing a simple affirmative sentence that was either active or passive, subjects were asked a question (zadano pytanie respondentom) about the sentence. The question was sometimes in the active and sometimes in the passive voice. It was found (odkryto) that when both sentence and question had the same voice, fewer errors were made (zostało popełnionych/popełniono mniej błędów) than when there was a syntactic mismatch. Furthermore, in the matched conditions there was no difference between the active and the passive voice. This was interpreted ([wniosek] został zinterpretowany) as evidence that subjects did not transform the sentences after hearing them, for had they done so, the passive questions might have been consistently more difficult, and perhaps also the passive sentences. The greater difficulty observed when the voice of the question differed from that of the sentence was attributed (przypisano) to subjects having to make transformations in this situation. If forcing people to make transformations results in more errors, this also suggests that people do not normally carry out such processing as an integral part of understanding sentences.

Analysis was carried out (Została dokonana analiza/przeprowadzono analizę) of the errors made on different parts of the sentence, but no clear interpretation of this data was possible. The verb was seen (zaobserwowano, że czasownik) to be closely related (jest blisko związany) to the grammatical subject of the sentence, which is to be expected (czego należy oczekiwać) if the sentences were not being transformed (nie podlegały przekształceniu). But fewer errors were made (zostało popełnionych/popełniano) when the correct answer was the agent of the verb. This might have been the effect of a specific question form.

participles < passives

Przy przechodzeniu ze strony biernej z ANG na PL powielanie konstrukcji powiodło się bardzo rzadko.